BIONIC EYE

HAMZA YOUSAF HAMZA YOUSAF 18-ME ME-113 ASAD RASOOL ASAD RASOOL 18-ME ME-116 IMRAN KHAN IMRAN KHAN 18-ME ME-119 Presented By

CONTENTS  Introduction  Blindness  Human Eye  Bionic Eye  Working of Bionic Eye  Applications  Advantages  Disadvantages  Conclusion

INTRODUCTION  We can see when light from an object move through space and reach our eyes.  Scattered light from the object enters through the cornea.  The light is projected onto retina. The retina send messages to brain through the optic nerve.  Main function of retina is to recive and transmit images to the brain.

BLINDNESS  Blindness means LOSS OF VISION.  Blindenss is the in ability to see anything,even light. If you are partially blind, you have limited vision. Complete blindness means that you cannot see at all and are in total darkness.  Some people are born blind and some people get blind due to some eye defects.  Due to improper treatment sometimes treatment lead to loss of vision.  India has largest blind population in the world which is nearly about 15 million people.

HUMAN EYE Light enters through the cornea. The iris controls the amount of light that gets in, a muscle can close it or open it, the iris determines your eye color. The lens is filled with a jelly-like substance; the ciliary muscle can change the shape of the lens and thus change its focal length. By changing the focal length, (accommodation) the lens is able to focus light onto the retina for objects located at various distances.

HUMAN EYE INTERNAL STRUCTURE

HUMAN EYE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE

HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM Image formation Exposure Control Detection Cornea Lens Retina Rods Cones Iris/pupil Photoreceptor sensitivity Processing Brain

HUMAN EYE  The impotant part of an eye that is responsible for vision is retina.  The thin membrane at the back of the eye is a vital part of your ability to see.  Main function of retina is to recive and transmit images to the brain.

BIONIC EYE  Bio-electronic eye.  Used for replacing functionality (or)  Adding functionality to the eye.  The entire electronics system consist of the image sensors, processors, radio transmitters & receivers, and the retinal chip.

PARTS OF BIONIC EYE 1) Digital Camera 2) Glasses 3) Video-processing Microchip 4) Radio Transmitter 5) Radio receiver 6) Retinal Implant

BIONIC EYE 1.Camera on glasses view image. 2.Signals are sent to hand-held device. 3.Processsed information is sent back to glasses and wirelessly transmitted to receiver under surface of eye. 4.Receiver send information to electrodes in retinal implant. 5.Electrodes stimulate retina to send information to brain

WORKING OF CONIC EYE  The bionic vision system consists of a camera, attached to a pair of glasses, which transmits high-frequency radio signals to a microchip implanted in the eye.  Electrodes on the implanted chip convert these signals into electrical impulses to stimulate cells in the retina that connect to the optic nerve.  These impulses are then passed down along the optic nerve to the vision processing centers of the brain, where they are interpreted as an image.

BIONIC EYE SYSTEM

WORKING DIAGRAM Video Camera Video processing unit Receiver Retinal Implant NeuronsBrain

APPLICATIONS  - Treating patient with total vision loss.  -Wonderful optical properties.  - Naturally porous structure allows nutrients to flow from the back to the front of the eye

ADVANTAGES  Ability to perform visual tasks demonstrated in many patients.  The brain has an amazing ability to adapt to new input and to improve his or her understanding of what is being “seen” via an artificial vision system.  Reduction of stress upon retina.  Helps correct vision.  Can be easily implanted.

DISADVANTAGES  The cost of device is too high.  If a single part of the chip is damaged the total technique will be meaningless.  Doesn't correct vision upto 100%.

CONCLUSION  Bionic devices are being developed to do more tha replace defective parts.  People suffering from low vision to, people who are completely blind will get benefited from this project.  We may not restore the vision fully, but we can help them atleast to find their way, recognize faces, read books, difference between objects such as cups and plates, above all lead an independent life.

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