Wednesday, October 30th If you did not turn in your lab from last class, staple your group’s papers together and place in the box. Take out your packet and QUIETLY study for your microscope quiz  When you finish your quiz, color pg. 6 in your packet!

Organelle An organelle is a tiny structure that performs a specialized job in the cell The structure of each organelle determines their function.

I . Control Center of the Cell A. Nucleus: contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. Controls cell’s activities Prokaryotes lack a nucleus but contain free-floating circular DNA called plasmids.

II. The power stations of the cell…How Eukaryotic cells obtain energy….

A. Mitochondria Changes the chemical energy found in all food (C6H12O6) into a form that can be used by the cell (ATP) This energy making process is called cellular respiration Found in all eukaryotic cells (plant and animals

Mitochondria Have folded inner membranes to increase surface area which allows for more energy to be released

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Sausage-shaped Many mitochondria in muscle cells

B. Chloroplast Trap energy from the sun and change it into a form that can be used by the cell (C6H12O6) This energy making process is called photosynthesis. Only found in plants/ and algae (a plant-like protist), not in animals

III. Protein Factories A. Ribosomes- are responsible for making proteins. Smallest organelle Contains RNA and protein Is not enclosed in a membrane (therefore can be found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

IV. Manufacturers and Shippers Endoplasmic Reticulum- moves material within the cell 1) Rough ER- has ribosomes attached to it (which give a rough appearance) Helps store and modify proteins made by the ribosomes. 2) Smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached Both are found in plants and animals

B. Golgi Bodies Collects, changes and packages molecules made in one part of the cell to be used Found in plants and animals

V. Cleanup Crew Lysosome- small structures found along the membrane, which breakdown and digest material in the cell (i.e. old worn out organelles, waste products) Made by the Golgi Apparatus Not found in plant cells

VI. Storage Tanks A. Vacuole- sac like structure that stores materials such as water, salts, carbohydrates and proteins Found in plant and animals In plants, its called the central vacuole because iit is found in the middle of the cell. It is usually large and holds mostly water.

B. Plastids Involved in the storage of food and pigment Found only in plants Chloroplast is a specialized plastid that stores green pigment

VII. Framework A. Cytoplasm- jelly-like portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Hold the organelles in place B. Cell Membrane- (plasma membrane) - thin, flexible layer the surrounds the cytoplasm. Regulate traffic into and out of the cell.

VII. Framework C.Cell Wall- protects and gives support to the cell. 1. It is found OUTSIDE the cell membrane. 2. Very porous (like a sponge), so it does not regulate what enters the cell, like the cell membrane 3. It is only found in plants, algae and some bacteria cells. It is not found in animal cells.

D. Cytoskeleton Framework of filaments and fibers that support the cell structure. 1. Microtubules and microfilaments. 2. Provide support for cell shape 3. Help move organelles through the cell. 4. Help in cell division Two Parts of the cytoskeleton that function in movement outside of the cell are: 1. Flagella- long, whip-like tails (often one or several) 2. Cilia- short hair-like structures (usually many)

1. DNA codes for a particular protein to be made. Organelles work together much like a factory. Each organelle has a specific job that it must carry out in order for particular activities to be completed. For example, all living things must use energy to carry out life functions. 1. DNA codes for a particular protein to be made. 2. These proteins are then assembled by the ribosomes. 3. Once assembled, these proteins can be used as enzymes. 4. Enzymes speed up the production of energy by the mitochondria.