The 8-D System 4. 5. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. Awareness of Problem Identify Potential Cause(s) 5. Choose/Verify Corrective Actions Use Team Approach Implement Permanent Corrective Actions 1. Select Likely Causes 6. Is the Potential Cause a Root Cause? Describe the Problem 2. Prevent Recurrence 7. No Implement and Verify Interim (Containment) Action(s) Yes The ‘D’ in 8-D stands for Disciplines In the early part of this course, we will talk a lot about Teams. Teams are important. Why do you think this is so? Normally people in a company have skills, experience and abilities which complement each other. A company as a whole is complex - a set of systems with different functional experts in different areas. The areas complement each other and many have interactions. Quality affects manufacturing. Design affects quality. Quality affects design. The 8-Disciplines methodology requires a team effort to ensure that there is communication between ‘interested parties’ and that interactions are identified and effects assessed. Congratulate Your Team 3. 8. Identify Possible Solutions

Typical Investigation Time Line Initiate Containment Actions Withdraw Containment Actions Problem Solving Efforts D1 Symptom Appears Internal and/or External Establish Team D4 Second Assessment Internal Group Verify Permanent Corrective Actions Investigation D3 D5 D6 D7 D0 D2 Implement Permanent Corrective Actions First Assessment Internal Individual Third Assessment Internal Group with Internal / External Customer Involvement While the sequence above appears clear, some things will be happening concurrently. Important terms / concepts to understand: Containment Escape Point Escape Path Interim Corrective Action Root Cause Permanent Corrective Action Prevent Recurrence This process can stop or loop back upon its self at any point in the process.

Problem Solving / Analysis Process Tools Past Present Future Problem Solving / Analysis Decision Making / Concerns Analysis Planning and Problem Prevention D0 D1 Use Team Approach Describe The Problem D2 D3 Containment (Interim) Actions Root Cause Analysis D4 Implement Permanent Corrective Action Choose/Verify Corrective Action(s) D5 D6 Congratulate the Team D8 D7 Prevent Recurrence Action