The Age of Exploration www.glscott.org

Led to great economic and cultural changes Motivation Gold Glory God Led to great economic and cultural changes 3G’s www.glscott.org

Motivation New trade routes Linked regions previously isolated World became interconnected Ideas, beliefs, products and tech. shared Ex: crops, animals, the wheel, metallurgy, Christianity, languages www.glscott.org

Negative Consequences Indigenous people 1) War and Conquest 2) Diseases that killed millions 3) Cultural disruption and devastation www.glscott.org

Negative Consequences Europeans Rivalry All sought after Gold, Glory, & God Spain and Portugal were first to explore and settle www.glscott.org

Portugal Sails Eastward Goal: reach India and intercept the spice trade before it traveled through Muslim territory Designed new ships - the caravel - prepared maps, and trained sailors in new navigational tools - astrolabe www.glscott.org

Spain Sails West www.glscott.org

Christopher Columbus Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage 1492 - Sailed west to reach spice islands Reached land on October 12. Claimed discovered lands for Spain Claim led to a huge Spanish empire www.glscott.org

Cat-o-nine-tails www.glscott.org

Christopher Columbus www.glscott.org

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End of 16th century other countries began to challenge and compete for trade wealth and land The Dutch, French and England all joined Spain and Portugal’s efforts www.glscott.org

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France New France – territory stretched along the Mississippi River from Quebec in the North to Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico. www.glscott.org

English and Dutch English built their first colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 By late 1700s, the English had established 13 colonies Dutch and Portuguese also established colonies in the New World www.glscott.org

explorers www.glscott.org

Commercial Revolution Trade: New trade routes led to new opportunities in new lands Highly valued in Europe: Spices, silk gold & silver So many changes came to Europe, and the economic impact was so great that it is called the Commercial Revolution www.glscott.org

Commercial Revolution Exploration: Europeans tried to find their own routes to the east either around the coast of Africa or across the Atlantic www.glscott.org

Colonial Trade Colonies exported raw materials, such as wood and furs European nations able to make goods out of raw materials Colonies bought finished goods from Europe The expansion was so large & quick, that old ways of doing business were inadequate New methods of business organization, banking, accounting & insurance arose New Industries rose www.glscott.org

Mercantilism Theory that a country’s power depends on its wealth in gold & silver Balance of Trade- Exports vs. Imports Colonies existed for the good of Mother Country Fueled European rivalries in colonies Created tension b/t Colonies/Mother Country Exports Imports www.glscott.org

Mercantilism Led to more opportunities for Europeans More companies created More jobs created - but wages still low More products available Standard of living improved The expansion was so large & quick, that old ways of doing business were inadequate New methods of business organization, banking, accounting & insurance arose New Industries rose www.glscott.org

The Columbian Exchange www.glscott.org

Western Hemisphere (New World) Eastern Hemisphere (Old World)

The Columbian Exchange Definition: The worldwide EXCHANGE of previously isolated plants, animals, and diseases that resulted from the initial contacts between Europeans and Native Also includes ideas, technology and belief www.glscott.org

Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes (CHINA) * Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine * Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO * Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice * Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley * Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats * Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat 1)*Horse *Cattle * Sheep * Pig 4. *WHEEL* 5. *Smallpox * Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria * Diptheria * Whooping Cough www.glscott.org

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Atlantic Slave Trade Europeans began to bring enslaved Africans to work on sugarcane plantations Encomienda System – Spanish settlers used Native Americans to labor on plantations. Many were abused & even worked to death www.glscott.org

This began the process of Triangular Trade “Middle Passage”

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade www.glscott.org

Slave Ship www.glscott.org

“Coffin” Position Below Deck www.glscott.org

The Slave Trade 1. Existed in Africa before the Europeans came 2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans Sugar cane & sugar plantations 3. Between 16c & 19c, 10-12 million Africans shipped to the Americas Most went to the Caribbean and South America www.glscott.org

Abolishing Slavery 1. France abolished slavery in the 1790’s 2. Britain in 1833 3. U.S. in the 1860’s www.glscott.org

TEACHER NOTES LESSON 3 www.glscott.org

The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves www.glscott.org

Effects of the Columbian Exchange a. Both hemispheres were introduced to new foods and animals that changed entire societies b. Potatoes and corn became major food sources for Europeans allowing populations to increase greatly c. The introduction of pigs, cows, and horses gave new food sources and new animals for the Native Americans to use

Continued… d. The diseases the Europeans brought killed up to 90% of the Native Americans in the New World European conquest of the Native Americans was made easy by the effect disease had on the Natives who had no immunities to the diseases e. Millions migrated or were forced to migrate as slaves This changed demographics