Skin b – Hair and Nails Tutor – Gail Lowe Join us on Facebook; Twitter; and Linked in:

Learning Objectives Structure of Nails Function of Nails Nail disorders

Nail Hyponychium – skin at end of finger underneath free edge Eponychium – attaches to nail plate and moves with it as the nail plate grows. Nail Bed- Part of the nail that the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of the matrix Nail Matrix - only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly below the cuticle Nail Plate - Visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge Nail 3

Dermis Contains Hair Follicles Erector pili muscle Temperature control Travel through epidermis & dermis Erector pili muscle Temperature control Pull hair upright trapping air (goose pimples)

Nail Hyponychium – skin at end of finger underneath free edge Eponychium – attaches to nail plate and moves with it as the nail plate grows. Nail Bed- Part of the nail that the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of the matrix Nail Matrix - only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly below the cuticle Nail Plate - Visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge

Nails Free Edge – extension of the nail plate Paronychium – term for the soft tissue surrounding the border of the fingernail or toe nail. Lunula – the crescent shaped white area at the proximal end Nail Mantle - fold of skin in front of the cuticle. It protects the matrix.

Nails Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis surrounding nail, which protects matrix Nail Fold - means 'nearest attached end, soft tissue that protects the emerging nail plate Nail Wall – skin that covers the sides of the nail plate Nails take six months to grow

Factors affecting nail growth Health Age Diet Medication Climate Damage Lifestyle

Nail Disorders Pitting Lines looks like a sewing thimble. Can be linked to minor nail trauma or psoriasis Ridges vertical ridges in middle age White Spots common often caused by minor trauma calcium or zinc deficiency

Nail Disorders Leuconychia white nail syndrome can occur with arsenic poisoning, heart disease, renal failure, pneumonia Onycholysis separation of nail plate from nail bed result of infection or long fingernails, inflammation. Yellow Nails due to lymphatic obstruction in cardio pulmonary disease

Nail Disorders Brown nails can be linked to nicotine staining or chemotherapy Koilonychias nail curves upwards due to iron deficiency Onychocryptosis common condition, toenail penetrates through surrounding skin resulting in discomfort and pain removal of injured part necessary

Nail Disorders Paronychia affected nail folds become swollen and lifted above the nail appears red and tender Beau’s lines ridges that go from side to side transverse temporary nail growth re illness Onycholyosis affects 10% of population fungal infection of nail

Nail Disorders Curved or concave indication of health problems Blue nails reflects poor circulation Whitlow an infection of tip of finger

Nail Disorders Habit Tic produces a series of transverse lines (Beau’s lines) indicating trauma to nail matrix as the nail is being formed formed by habit Tinea Ungium - Fungal form of ringworm disfiguring nails Tinea Pedis – Fungal Athletes foot skin starts itchy and red, becoming white, painful and contagious

Learning Objectives Structure of Hair Diseases & Disorders 15

Types of hair growth 3 Types of Hair Lanugo Vellus Terminal Hair is found all over body except for palms, soles, lips and external genitalia. 3 Types of Hair Lanugo Baby hair Vellus Fine down, hardly visible Terminal Thick long post puberty Scalp; Eyebrows; Underarms; Legs Men’s chests etc

Factors affecting hair growth Hormones Age Colour Stress Medication Health and diet Medical conditions Hereditary Part of the body Seasons Race/origin

Hair Growth Cycle There are 3 stages in the hair growth cycle and these are known as: Anagen active Catagen changing Telogen tired (resting)

Bacterial Folliculitis infection pilo-sebaceous duct inflammation link to acne

Parasitical Infestation Pediculosis Capitis head lice infect scalp hair and are common in children

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