Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. Associative Learning- learning to associate 2 events,

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Presentation transcript:

Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. Associative Learning- learning to associate 2 events, they occur together, the events may be 2 stimuli (classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (operant conditioning)

The Process of learning associations Conditioning The Process of learning associations Classical Conditioning- we learn to associate 2 stimuli and thus to anticipate events Learning takes place when an originally neutral stimulus (one that doesn’t elicit any particular reflex) comes to produce a conditioned response because of its association with an unconditioned response

Does the name Pavlov ring a bell?? Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that dogs, too, learn to associate one thing with another when food is involved. He taught the dogs to drool when he rang a bell!

Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov, “Pavlovian Conditioning” Unconditioned Stimulus (US) –stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned Unconditioned Response (UR)- that automatic response is the UR, a response that is not learned Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response Conditioned Response (CR)- a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless, (like the bell!) (The Office) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtTE70Psktw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbZCwEozxp8 (Parks & Rec- deprogram Jam)

Classical Conditioning & Little Albert John B. Watson & Rosalie Rayner Conditioned fear in baby “Albert”

Classical Conditioning Acquisition-pairing of the natural and neutral stimuli (loud noise and rat) have occurred enough times that the neutral stimulus alone will elicit the conditional response (crying) Extinction-elimination of the conditioned response, can be achieved by presenting the CS without the US repeatedly (the white rate without the loud noise) Spontaneous Recovery- the original response disappears on its own, but then is elicited again by the previous CS at a later time, possible under certain circumstances Generalization- responding to a stimulus that is similar to the CS (Albert made generalizations and feared the white rat-CS but also other white stimuli-white coat) Discrimination- if Albert could distinguish among similar but distinct stimuli Taste Aversion- “Garcia Effect”- if you become ill after eating a certain food, the taste would become a CS for nausea, now the CR. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMDpK1lMeQY (Parks & Rec Garcia Effect)