Program of Studies − microscopes and telescopes Demonstrate and explain the use of microscopes; and describe, in general terms, the function of eyeglasses, binoculars and telescopes Investigate and describe the development of new technologies to enhance human vision (e.g., laser surgery on eyes, development of technologies to extend night vision)

Unit C: Light and Optical Systems Optical Devices + Technologies The Wave Model of Light & Electromagnetic Radiation

Optical Devices Microscopes Refracting Telescopes Reflecting Telescopes Binoculars Magnifying/eye glasses Fibre optics

Halogen Incandescent bulb in which a tungsten filament is sealed in glass and filled with a halogen gas, such as iodine or bromine Longer life higher temperatures (brighter) more efficient

LED- Light emitting diode Require less energy ($) than incandescent bulbs Used in Christmas lights, flashlights

Laser Eye surgery Procedures that change the shape of the cornea to change the refraction

Night Vision goggles Increase the intensity of images Typically used by the military

Infrared Cameras *thermal imaging Detect infrared radiation Sources that have high amounts of thermal energy show up as red, cooler areas are shown in blue

Waves

What is a wave? How do they behave?

Wave Model of Light Terms: Crest: upper curve of the wave, measured from the rest position Trough: lower curve Amplitude: the height of the wave, measured from the rest position Rest Position Wavelength: how long the wave is, measured in nm, λ Frequency: how often waves happen, measured in Hertz (Hz)

Wavelength, Trough, Crest A wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or from trough to trough of a wave It is measured in nm, nanometers. That’s 10-9 m, or 0.000000001 m!

Wavelength

Which have higher energy? *both have the same amplitude

Amplitude + Frequency

InfraRED vs. ultraVIOLET Radiation that has a higher frequency also has higher energy, and can pass through more dense material (x-rays). These have a relatively shorter wavelength. Radio waves have the lowest energy, and longest wavelength

Wave Math! Frequency is the number of cycles per unit time, measured in Hertz (Hz) F = T (period, which is how many wavelengths) t (time, measured in seconds)

Assignments: Wavelength worksheet EMR worksheet EMR See pgs 216-217 Science in Action Or Topic 8 in Science focus 8

For example What is the frequency of a wave that oscillates 24 times in 6 seconds? F = T = 24 times = 4 Hz t 6s

Other Incoherent vs Coherent Incandescent bulbs vs. Lasers

Rainbows Blue Bends Best Red Refracts Rotten