Programming Fundamental Instructor Name: Muhammad Safyan Lecture-10

Loop Order of movement of control in for loop: First time: Expression 1-> Expression 2->Loop body -> Expression 3 Second time and onward: Expression 2->Loop body -> Expression 3

Properties of Expression-1 Expression1 can initialize the more than one variable. For example:. main(){     int i,j,k;     for(i=0,j=2,k=1;i<=4;i++) {          cout<<i+j+k;     } Getch();         } Output: 3 4 5 6 7

Properties of Expression-1 Expression1 is optional. For example: main(){     int i=1;     for(;i<=4;i++){          cout<<i;     } getch();         } Output: 1 2 3 4

Properties of Expression-2 Expression2 is also optional. For example: main(){     int j;          for(j=0; ;j++){          cout<<j;          if(j>2)              break;     }     Getch();         } Output: 0 1 2

Properties of Expression-2 If expression2 is zero means condition is false and any non zero number means condition is true. For example  main(){     int i;         for(i=0;-5 ;i++){          cout<<i;          if(i==3)              break;     } Getch();         } Output: 0 1 2 3

Properties of Expression-2 If expression2 is zero means condition is false and any non zero number means condition is true. For example   main(){     int i;         for(i=5;0 ;i++){          cout<<i;     } Getch();         } Output:

Properties of Expression-3 It is called as instrumentation expression. Task of this expression is to increment the variable. Properties: We can increment more than one variable at the same time in the expression3. For example   main(){     int i,j,k;           for(i=0,j=0,k=0;k<=3;i++,++j,k+=2)) {          cout<<i+j+k;     } Getch();         } Output: 0 4

Properties of Expression-3 It is called as instrumentation expression. Task of this expression is to increment the variable. Properties: We can increment more than one variable at the same time in the expression3. For example   main(){     int i,j=0;          for(i=0;i<=3;++i,i++,++j ){          cout<<i<<”,”<<j;;     } Getch();         } Output: 0 0 2 1

Properties of Expression-3 Expression 3 is also optional. For example  main(){     int i;         for(i=0;i<=3; ){          cout<<i++;     } Getch();       } Output: 0 1 2 3

main(){ Loop body: int i,j=0; for(i=0;i<=3;++i,i++,++j ) Loop body contains the part of code which we have to execute multiple numbers of times. Properties of loop body: If loop body contain only one statement then brace is optional. For example:   main(){     int i,j=0;         for(i=0;i<=3;++i,i++,++j )    cout<<i<<j;      Getch();         } Output: 0 0 2 1

main(){ Loop body: int i; for(i=0;i<=10;i++); cout<<i; Loop without body is possible. For example   main(){     int i;         for(i=0;i<=10;i++);     cout<<i; Getch();         } Output: 11

for ( int row = 1; row <= 10; ++row ) { for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col ) cout << '*'; cout << '\n'; }

for (int row = 10; row >= 1; --row ) { for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col ) cout << '*'; cout << '\n'; }

for ( int row = 1; row <= 10; ++row ) { for ( int space = 1; space <= 10 - row; ++space ) cout << ' '; for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col ) cout << '*'; cout << '\n'; }

for ( int row = 10; row >= 1; --row ) { for ( int space = 1; space <= 10 - row; ++space ) cout << ' '; for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col ) cout << '*'; cout << '\n'; }

Nested LOOP main() { int i,j; i=1; j=1; while(i++<=100) while(j++<=200) if(j==150) break; else cout<<i<<"----"<<j<<"\n"; } getch();

A while loop nested in for loop

A while loop nested in for loop long sum; int i, j, count=10; for(i=1; i<=count; i++) { sum=0; j=1; while(j<=i) //++j; sum=sum+j; cout<<j<<"+"; ++j; } cout<<"="<<sum; cout<<endl;