Chapter 9 Section 3 Industrialization Spreads Objective: Evaluate the spread of industrialization through Europe & the United States. Vocabulary: Stock & Corporation New: The Industrial Revolution began in England in the 1700s. How do you think the ideas/products from this revolution spread from England to other countries? Review: What does Urbanization mean? Describe the average work week during the Industrial Revolution. What happened to the girl in the child labor reading?

Setting the Stage Great Britain’s favorable geography & its financial systems, political stability, & natural resources sparked industrialization Eventually, the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain spread to both the United States & to continental Europe Countries that had similar conditions to those in Britain prospered during industrialization

Industrial Development in the United States America had fast-flowing rivers, rich deposits of coal & iron, & a supply of laborers made up of farms workers & immigrants During the War of 1812, Britain’s blockade prevented the United States from trading international The United States had to develop independent industries to produce products they could no longer import from Europe What is a blockade?

Check for Understanding What is a blockade? Hint: We learned about this with Napoleon. Sentence Starter A blockade is a ____________.

Industrialization in the United States Samuel Slater emigrated to the United States & built a spinning machine from memory & partial design Moses Brown opened the first factory in the United States however it only made one part of the finished product Textiles led the way in industrialization in the United States Factories popped up in Waltham, Lowell, & Lawrence, Massachusetts Britain had forbidden engineers, mechanics, & toolmakers to leave the country Young single women flocked from their rural homes to work as mill girls in factory towns (they could earn higher wages & have some independence)

Later Expansion of U.S. Industry During the late 1800s, the United States experienced a technological boom Along with the United State’s natural resources, a burst of inventions (electric light bulb & telephone) boosted the Industrial Revolution Chicago & Minneapolis expanded during the 1800s because of the expansion of railroad lines Businesses of all kinds began to merge together to form larger companies Why would the light bulb & telephone be important during the Industrial Revolution?

Check for Understanding Why would the light bulb & telephone be important during the Industrial Revolution? Sentence Starter: They would be important because ____________________________.

The Rise of Corporations Larger businesses required a great deal of money Entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (certain right of ownership) People who bought stocks were part owners of those companies A corporation is a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts Giant corporations made huge profits by reducing the cost of producing goods What are some giant corporation that make big profits by reducing the cost of producing goods & selling them cheaper? Carnegie (Steel Company)

Continental Europe Industrializes The French Revolution & Napoleonic wars between 1789 – 1815 halted trade, interrupted communication, & caused inflation in some parts of continental Europe European countries watched the gap widen between themselves & Britain However, industrialization eventually reached continental Europe

Beginnings in Belgium Belgium led Europe in adopting Britain’s new technology William Cockerill illegally made his way to Belgium in 1799, carrying secret plans for building spinning machines His son, John, built an enormous industrial enterprise Belgium produced a variety of mechanical equipment

Germany Industrializes Economic isolation & scattered resources hampered countryside industrialization in Germany Germany began to copy the British model & sent their children to England to learn industrial management Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power By the late 1800s, a unified Germany became both an industrial & military giant If Germany’s resources were scattered around the country why would it be important to have a railway system?

Expansion Elsewhere in Europe For the rest of Europe, industrialization during the early 1800s proceeded by region rather than by country In France, industrialization was controlled & as a result they didn’t have the social/economic problems caused by industrialization For a variety of other reasons, many European countries did not industrialize Geography (mountains), Lack of resources, social structure issues

The Impact of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution shifted the world balance of power Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized & non- industrialized countries Industrialized countries viewed poor countries as markets for their manufactured products Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization

Transformation of Society Between 1700 & 1900, revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, & communication changed the lives of people around the world Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society from daily life to life expectancy Despite the hardships early urban workers suffered, population, health, & wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries