Science Introduction Notes Science 8 Our Lady Of Mount Carmel School

Concepts are taught…vocabulary must be understood! THIS IS NOT SCIENCE 7…EXPECTATIONS ARE GREATER! Concepts are taught…vocabulary must be understood! MATURITY IS NOT THE GAINING OF KNOWLEDGE, BUT THE ABILITY TO APPLY ONESELF WITH PURPOSE IN A MEANINGFUL COMMUNITY

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8 Simple Rules for Classroom Behaviour ‘Follow these, and we will have a great year’ Respect one another & property at all times Use good manners Do your own work Follow directions Keep hands, feet, objects, and unkind remarks to yourself Bring required materials to class Raise your hand Do not bring unnecessary/distracting materials

Mr. Tadic’s Class Binder Checks may be given periodically!! How you should set up your science binder: 1. Notes 2. Homework 3. Labs/Activities 4. Quizzes/ Tests 5. Extra paper (lined, white & grid) Binder Checks may be given periodically!!

Mr. Tadic’s Class Come prepared with all required materials! You need your binder and textbook everyday, but may need other materials time to time. Not coming prepared with the proper equipment is not an excuse to not do your work! (nor leave class to get it) Be prepared to clean out your locker! Entering & leaving class Cellphones- Will Be Confiscated!! Plagerism…(sigh) You should know what a vacuole, not endoplasmic reticulum! Difference between group work and your work

Science 8 See Website Note taking Lab Reports: Lab Report Guide Lab Report Checklist Lab Report Example

The Scientific Method- How does science work? Scientific method is not a recipe: it requires intelligence, imagination, and creativity. It is also an ongoing cycle, constantly developing more useful, accurate and comprehensive models and methods.

Outline of the Scientific Method 1) Question (ie. What is the Problem?) 2) Hypothesis 3) Create Operational Definitions Materials Procedure Variables Controlled Manipulated Responding 4) Observations (in chart or graph) 5) Analyze data 6) Reliability/Validity 7) Conclusion 8) References Copy This Down

7 Points When Talking Science… Observations Types of Observations Accurate – exact report of what your senses tell you. Objective – avoids opinion or bias on a specific point of view. (opposite = subjective) Quantitative – have numbers, but also can include descriptions. Qualitative – do NOT have numbers, only descriptions. Hint: describe one of these observations in your lab reports!

Observations Examples

B) Measuring provides specific information and help observers avoid bias. Needs to be accurate!

C) Classifying organizing ideas, objects and events into groups according to a system. good classification systems make finding information easier and clarifies relationships.

D) Hypotheses a prediction about the outcome of a scientific investigation. must be testable by observations. For our purposes, it is a cause and effect, or ‘if-then’ statement. Explain why after. ‘if the temperature is decreased, then the seedlings will not grow as well’. Why… ‘ if the amount of moisture is increased, then the bread will get moldier’. Why….

E) Variables Variable -> factors that can change. 3 types 1) Manipulated Variable (independent variable) 1 variable that is purposely changed and tested 2) Responding Variable (dependent variable) the 1 factor that may change as a result of the manipulated variable - this is what you are trying to find out 3) Controlled Variables all the other factors (3-4 different factors) must keep ALL conditions the same.

Examples How does the amount of fluoride affect the number of cavities? Manipulated variable = Responding variable = Controlled variables = Is the number of tomatoes on a tomato plant affected by the amount of fertilizer used?

F) Graphing Data Allows one to see patterns and trends that are very difficult to spot from a table of numbers. (don’t copy) BE SURE YOU KNOW HOW TO PROPERLY DRAW A GRAPH (website referral)

Graphing the Variables the manipulated (math terms: independent) variable is always plotted against the responding variable (math terms: dependent)   Y Axis (responding variable) Units X Axis (manipulated variable) Units

G) Interpreting Data (Analysis) means looking for a pattern or trend. Ie. What happened? Detailed explanations! Hint: pretend the teacher knows nothing about science. You need to explain every little detail.

The metric system To Summarize: Kilo Hecto Deca (Meter) Deci Centi Milli Micro Nano K h da (m) d c m u n 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000001 0.000000001 X by ______ (or keep adding zeros to the end) ÷ by ______ (or keep taking zeros at the end)

Safety in the Science Classroom Safety test to follow!!! Know the WHMIS symbols! Always wear SAFETY GOGGLES! Always put lids back on containers! Safety Review Lab Safety Quiz!

Introduction Experiment The Egg Toss Introduction Experiment Assignment Intro student Example 1 Intro student Example 2