Early Statehood – Road to Annexation Sam Houston and others continued to hope for statehood for Texas Texas annexation was being debated because of slavery Slave and non-slave states were balanced Annexing Texas would mean more pro-slavery Senators and Congressmen Many in the U.S. were influenced by manifest destiny – the belief that the U.S. was meant to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean Quick Speak (1 min) – Would you have supported Texas annexation? Why or why not?

Early Statehood – Road to Annexation This painting is from 1872. It was painted by John Gast and is titled, American Progress. Quick Write (2 min) – Describe what you see. What does the woman in white represent? How does this painting express manifest destiny?

Early Statehood – Road to Annexation Many in the United States were fearful of Texas joining the Union This poster from 1838 advertises a meeting of Americans against annexation Read the quote below, then rewrite it in your own words. “…the ultimate result will be some 18 or 20 more slaveholders in the Senate of the United States…”

Early Statehood – Road to Annexation Ultimately, Texas is annexed despite all the debate On December 29, 1845 President James K. Polk signed the Texas Admission Act Texas officially becomes the 28th state What is different about this flag from 1846?

Early Statehood But wait…what’s Sam Houston up to? From 1846 to 1859 Sam Houston serves as a U.S. senator from the state of Texas He served as senator during the next battle with Mexico – the Mexican American War

Early Statehood – Mexican American War Mexico was afraid that Texas was only the 1st step towards the U.S. taking more Mexican territory President Polk sends a delegate to Mexico to negotiate the sale of New Mexico and California to the U.S. Mexico refused to meet with the delegate Polk then sends General Zachary Taylor and soldiers to Texas to protect it from potential Mexican attack Fighting broke out, and the U.S. quickly declared war on Mexico

Early Statehood – Mexican American War Mexico claimed the Nueces River was the US/Mexican border, the US claimed the border was the Rio Grande The war was won by the US The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war The Treaty made Mexico give up territory Mexico had to recognize Texas as part of the US Mexico also gave up California, Utah and New Mexico Territories The US paid $15 million for the land

Early Statehood – Mexican American War Check for understanding: What motivated the conflict between the US and Mexico? Mexico had invaded Texas Battles with Native Americans Disagreement over the border Mexico invaded Oregon Territory

Early Statehood – Compromise of 1850 There were still questions about the western border of Texas and the issue of slavery in the state after the war Senator Henry Clay (KY) came up with a plan His plan was a group of five separate bills that addressed slavery in the new territories, and the Texas border It was called…

Early Statehood – Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 The federal govt. gave TX $10 million to give up land in the west The current border b/w Texas and New Mexico was established New Mexico and Utah became territories (would vote on slavery) California became a state (free) Federal govt. took on all Texas debt

Early Statehood – Compromise of 1850 This 1847 political cartoon depicts Mexico before and after the Mexican-American war. Think-Pair-Share:(2 min) How would you describe Mexico’s feelings about the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?