Ch. 7-3 and 7-4 Vocabulary

the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. 1. Cell membrane Google.com Dictionary.com the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell.

2. Cell wall Google.com Dictionary.com a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell.

3. Lipid bilayer Google.com Dictionary.com a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells. a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward.

4. Concentration Google.com Dictionary.com the relative amount of a given substance contained within a solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume of solution a measure of the amount of dissolved substance contained per unit of volume.

5. Diffusion Google.com Dictionary.com the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. Many molecules diffuse across cell membranes. The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

6. Equilibrium Google.com Dictionary.com equal balance between any powers, influences, etc.; equality of effect.

7. Osmosis Google.com Dictionary.com a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.

8. Isotonic Google.com Dictionary.com denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid.

9. Hypertonic Google.com Dictionary.com In biology, a hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell.

10. Hypotonic Google.com Dictionary.com A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution.

11. Facilitated diffusion Google.com Dictionary.com the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. a process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules

12. Active transport Google.com Dictionary.com the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.

13. Endocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell

14. Phagocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans the ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell's membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole

15. Pinocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.

16. Exocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane

17. Cell specialization Google.com Dictionary.com

18. Tissue Google.com Dictionary.com any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products. an aggregate of similar cells and cell products forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function, in a multicellular organism

19. Organ Google.com Dictionary.com a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. a grouping of tissues into a distinct structure, as a heart or kidney in animals or a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs a specialized task.

a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. 20. Organ system Google.com Dictionary.com a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.