Evolution and Speciation

Wednesday 12 June Mechanisms of Evolution Re-cap of Y12 ideas Handouts: SLO’s, keywords, overview of the topic. Re-cap of Y12 ideas: Scipad – Genetic variation pg 153, mutation pg 154 (plus Mutation ppts on Weebly – go through and take notes), gene flow pg 155, genetic drift pg 156-157, Natural selection pg 158

Thursday 13 June Darwin vs Lamarck An introduction of the topic and the key differences between Lamarck and Darwins’ theories of evolution. Lamarck vs Darwin – discussion/what were their key ideas to explain how animals change over time (speciation). EiB pgs 192-197 Lamarck, Darwin and Wiseman. For each: What were their key ideas on evolution How were their ideas different? How did they test their ideas? Finish yesterday’s activity

Friday 14 June Evidence for Evolution SLO: Discuss the role of scientific evidence for evolution (range: fossil evidence, comparative anatomy, molecular biology and biogeography). Orana Park Permisssion forms Evidence for evolution ppt. Use Biozone ppt and this ppt to make your own notes. Create a timeline for slides 14 – 19 (Biozone ppt) Homework: Watch all of the Evidence to Evolution videos on Weebly and take notes.

Tuesday 18 June Evidence for Evolution SLO: Discuss the role of scientific evidence for evolution (range: fossil evidence, comparative anatomy, molecular biology and biogeography). Finish Evidence for Evolution ppt Complete working through Biozone ppt and timeline and BZ pgs 170-176 BZ: Biogeographical evidence, pg 178 Evolution of the whale, pg 177 Homologous strucures, pg 185 Vestigial structures, pg 186

Wednesday 19 June Evidence for evolution: Amino acid sequencing, Immunological evidence BZ: Biogeographical evidence, pg 178 Evolution of the whale, pg 177 Homologous strucures, pg 185 Vestigial structures, pg 186 Homologous proteins, pg 187-188 The molecular clock hypothesis. Pg 189 Homologous DNA sequences, pg 190 Going over answers (some) Homework: BZ: Ocean Island colonisers, pg 179-180 Continental drift and evolution, pg 181-183

Thursday 20 June Variation in populations SLO: Explain the role of mutation, gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift in evolution. Keywords: evolution, mutation, selection. Reminder: Processes that create change in populations – variation, differential reproduction, inheritance Use the ‘evolution lab’ activity on http://www.biologyinmotion.com/ to investigate the effect of selection on mutations and that mutations are random. HOW and WHY the mutation rate and/or selection rate affects the evolution of your populations. Homework: Mutations – ‘the good, the bad, and the ugly’. Find and use three specific examples of mutations to expand upon this statement.

Tuesday 25 June Evolutionary change at the population level SLO: Explain the role of mutation, gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift in evolution. Keywords: evolution, mutation, selection. Compete ‘The role of variation in populations’ BZ pg 103 Define mutation, and give specific examples of useful, neutral and harmful mutations – from ppt and BZ pgs 104-106 Complete ‘Gene duplication’ BZ pgs 109-110 Homework: Complete any sheets not finished

Wednesday 26 June Egyptian Origami birds I SLO: Explain the role of mutation, gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift in evolution. Get into groups. Origami birds activity – modelling key points of mutation and natural selection. Carry out activity, recording results as you go. Use you results to answer the discussion questions. If time, you can try the extension activity.

Thursday 27 June Origami birds II SLO: Explain the role of mutation, gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift in evolution. Origami birds – Finish collecting results, discussion questions and extension if you have time. Open ‘Processes and Patterns of Evolution’ and work through slides – taking notes etc, to create a summary of the processes of evolution (up to and including slide 25). Homework: Finish working through ppt and making summary

Friday 28 June Types of Natural Selection SLO: Explain the role of mutation, gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift in evolution. Keywords: evolution, mutation, selection, population, gene pool, allele frequency, gene flow, natural selection, directional selection, stabilising selection, disruptive selection Types of Natural Selection (Processes of Evolution ppt from slide 24) – filling out summary sheet and readings from EiB Working through rest Processes of Evolution ppt, readings from EiB text as examples of types of natural selection, and questions from BZ.

Tuesday 2 July Genetic drift SLO: Explain the role of mutation, gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift in evolution Keywords: genetic drift, founder effect, bottleneck effect Processes and patterns of evolution ppt from slide 36 Genetic drift – Jelly Bean Island activity Founder effect – The Dunkers

Thursday 4 July Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation SLO: Describe ways in which speciation occur (range: sympatric, allopatric). Keywords: species, allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation Bottleneck effect - Ashkenazi Jews Bottleneck in Ashkenazi Jews TED talk EiB reading pgs 200-211 What is a species? Definition, BZ pg 125 An introduction to speciation Intro to speciation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udZUaNKXbJA Speciation – allopatric and sympatric An exercise in speciation – thought exercise. Isolating mechanisms

Tuesday 23 July Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms SLO: Explain how reproductive isolating mechanisms contribute to speciation (range: geographical, temporal, ecological, behavioural, structural barriers, polyploidy). Processes and patterns of evolution ppt Slides 48-52 (Isolating mechanisms) In pairs, research examples of reproductive isolating mechanisms – aim for one NZ eg, and one non-NZ eg for each of the RIM’s.

Wednesday 24 July RIM’s – prezygotic and postzygotic SLO: Explain how reproductive isolating mechanisms contribute to speciation (range: geographical, temporal, ecological, behavioural, structural barriers, polyploidy). Continue collecting examples of NZ/non NZ RIM’s – prezygotic and postzygotic Finish Scipad pages 170-172 and check answers Reading ‘How do new species arise?’

Thursday 25 July Speciation and Polyploidy SLO: Explain how reproductive isolating mechanisms contribute to speciation – polyploidy. Keywords: polyploidy, allopolyploidy, autoployploidy, instant speciation Sympatric speciation and polyploidy - ppt Go to Weebly and take notes on Polyploidy from the ‘Polyploidy new’ ppt Read and summarise key points EiB pgs 206-226 and complete ‘Test your basics’ pg 227 Speciation in NZ – ppt Scipad

Friday 26 July The species problem SLO: Describe ways in which speciation occurs (explain how ‘clines’ and ‘ring species’ are problematic for the usual definition of a species). Keywords: cline, deme, ring species, sub-species Demes and clines The problem with species – ppt slides 64-67 (take notes as I can’t put this on Weebly). Ring species Ring species - graphics The species concept and ring species worksheet.

Tuesday 30 July Convergent and Divergent Evolution SLO: Describe patterns of evolution using New Zealand examples. Define ‘divergence’, ‘convergence Use New Zealand examples to illustrate these patterns Re-cap of instant speciation – polyploidy The species problem Using the ‘Patterns of Evolution’ ppt define divergent and convergent evolution, using examples. Practice exam: one question – homework ready for swapping on Monday

Wednesday 31 July Patterns of evolution – Convergent and Divergent Evolution SLO: Describe patterns of evolution using New Zealand examples. Define ‘divergence’, ‘convergence’ Using the ‘Patterns of Evolution’ ppt define divergent and convergent evolution, using examples. Notes and practice question. Homework: Revising for exams, do next 2 questions for peer review by Thursday.

Thursday 1 August Co-evolution and parallel evolution SLO: Describe patterns of evolution using New Zealand examples Work through descriptions of co-evolution and parallel evolution. BZ pages 148-149 Video and table summarising different types of evolution.

Friday 2 August Rates of Evolutionary Change SLO: Describe patterns of evolution using New Zealand examples Define ‘gradualism’ and ‘punctuated equilibrium’ Use New Zealand examples to describe and explain patterns of evolution What are the patterns that explain the rate of evolutionary change? How are they different? Using the textbooks, write SEXC paragraphs on gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. Write SEXC paragraphs for: convergent/divergent evolution, co-evolution and parallel evolution, using the books in the lab.

Tuesday 6 August Revision for Formative

Wednesday 7 August Formative test