National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI) Multidimensional Poverty Analysis National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI) In Collaboration with OPHI and DCS Presented by P.M.P.Anura Kumara Additional Director General Department of Census & Statistics Sri Lanka

Alkire and Foster Method An MPI reflects the multiple deprivations each person faces at the same time. The MPI dashboard’s key statistics include: • Incidence of poverty: The percentage of multi dimensionally poor people. • Intensity of poverty: The average proportion of deprivations poor people face at once. • Composition of poverty: The percentage of people who are poor and deprived in each indicator.

Dimensions and Indicators of National Multidimensional Index Sri Lanka Year of Schooling School items Tobacco consumption Nutrition of adult Nutrition of child Not Employed Bank account Access to media Indoor pollution Assets Safe drinking water Housing Sanitation Education Health Women empowerment Standard of living

Dimensions (4), Indicators(13), and Weights of National MPI Dimension (Weight) Indicator (Weight) Deprivation cut-off Education (1/4) Year of Schooling (1/8) A household is deprived in schooling if No household member (16 years and above) has completed ten years of schooling School items (1/8) A household is deprived in School items if any school age child hasn't enough school books, shoes and uniform Health ((1/4) Smoking Tobacco consumption (1/12) A household is deprived if any member smoke or chew tobacco on a daily basis Nutrition of adult (1/12) A household is deprived in nutrition if any adult in the household with nutritional information is low BMI or high BMI Nutrition of child (1/12) A household is deprived in nutrition if any child in the household is undernourished Standard of living (1/4)   Housing (1/20) A household is deprived in housing if construction materials of are semi-permanent ( floor, wall, and roof) Sanitation (1/20) A household is deprived in sanitation if the household's sanitation facility is not improved or it is shared with other households Safe drinking water (1/20) A household is deprived in water if the household does not have access to safe drinking water or safe water is more than 15-minute walk Indoor pollution (1/20) A household is deprived if smoke coming to inside the household Assets (1/20) Household does not own at most one radio: telephone, TV, bike, motorbike or refrigerator and does not own a car/van/Jeep/bus/lorry/motor boat or truck Women empowerment (1/4) Bank account (1/12) A household is deprived if female haven't a bank account Access to media (1/12) A household is deprived if female does not access to media Employment (1/12) A household is deprived if female does not work

Distribution of general and multidimensionally poor population by sector-2016 The poor population share is higher than the general population share in estate sector. In rural sector also share of poor population is slightly higher that that of general population.

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) by district Variation across districts

Headcount Ratios by indicator -2016 Indoor pollution and deprivation of eligible women employment shows the higher headcount index than other indicators The third highest headcount has reported from tobacco consumption. The percentage share of population who are multidimensionally poor and deprived in each dimensions.

Contribution of each Dimension to National MPI Deprivation of Health, Women Empowerment and Living Standard more or less equally contribute to National MPI and lowest contribution reported from Education

Percentage Contribution of Each Indicator to national MPI, 2016 The highest contribution is given by women employment and second highest is tobacco consumption and third highest is indoor pollution. The lowest contribution is given by sanitation.

Percentage Contribution of Each Indicator to national MPI by sector - 2016 The graph depicts that in urban and rural deprivation of women employment contribute to poverty is higher than other indicators In estate sector the highest contributing indicator for poverty is year of schooling. The second highest contribution to poverty in all three sectors is deprivation of tobacco consumption.

Tobacco Consumption (18.6%) Percentage Contribution of Each Indicator to national MPI by District 2016 Women Employment (20.7%) The contribution of year of schooling is high in the districts Puttalama(14.1%), Mannar (13.6%),Trincomalee (13.0%), Nuwaraeliya(12.9 School items 11.5%   The highest contribution to overall poverty by school items is reported from Batticaloa district (11.5%). Tobacco Consumption (18.6%) Year of schooling 14.1% The highest contribution of tobacco consumption is reported from Hambantota (18.6%) followed by Rathnapura (18.1%), Gall (17.3%), Kalutara (16.9%) The highest contribution of women employment has been reported from Hambanthota(20.7%) Indicator contribution is not alike by districts

Consumption poverty Headcount vs. Multidimensional poverty Headcount Variation across districts The poorest district by multidimensional poverty is not much monetary poor Monetary poverty and Multidimensional poverty do not trend together

NATIONAL HEADCOUNT FOR CHILDREN AND OTHER ADULT POPULATION Multidimensional poverty headcount (H) by age groups-2016

Conclusions The highest deprived indicator is indoor pollution ,Secondly highest is female not work mainly due to difficult to find a job and need to be home for the children and the third highest deprived indicator is tobacco consumption. NMPI is much higher in estate sector than that of other two sectors in Sri Lanka. It more than twice than rural sector. The highest National Multidimensional Poverty indices are reported from Nuwara-Eliya district and the lowest has been reported from Colombo district. The health, women empowerment and living standard dimensions more or less equally contribute to overall poverty and contribution of education to overall poverty is comparatively less than other dimensions.

Cont.……. Among the indicators the highest contribution is given by women employment and second highest is tobacco consumption and third highest is indoor pollution. The contribution of year of schooling is high in Puttalama distict (14.1%), The highest contribution to overall poverty by school items is reported from Batticaloa district (11.5%). The highest contribution of tobacco consumption is reported from Hambantota (18.6%) Monetary poverty and Multidimensional poverty do not trend together

AKNOWLEDGEMENT Support Provided by Mrs.M.D.D.D.Deepawansa statistician Department of Census & Statistics Sri Lanka

Thank you