Bangladesh Child-Focused 9/2/2019 Bangladesh Child-Focused Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (C-MPI) Dr. Krishna Gayen Director General Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 3 July 2019 GED, Planning Commission 1

Remarkable Reduction in Poverty Observed in Bangladesh

Why C-MPI Alkire-Foster developed MPI for multi-dimensional poverty measurement at the national level. Bangladesh conducted a pilot study, measuring Child-Focused MPI due to the availability of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012-2013 data. Why MICS? Because it captures multiple dimensions, as established by the Alkire-Foster model “Children make up 46% of the poor in Bangladesh, and are more susceptible to abuse, exploitation and natural disaster”.

Dimensions Child Protection Child Development (Education) Child Environment (Living standard) Child Survival (Health and Nutrition) Child Development (Education) Child Protection

Background SDG indicator 1.2.2 refers to “Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions” Bangladesh has been calculating consumption-based poverty estimate According to the SDG M&E framework, data for SDG indicator 1.2.2 will be generated and provided by BBS GED and BBS agreed to collaborate to develop the C-MPI as piloting in Bangladesh UNICEF and OPHI extended their support to develop Child focused MPI for Bangladesh

The Government’s Commitment Voluntary National Review 2017 recognizes the multi-dimensional nature of poverty and the need to address the problem by adopting appropriate policies and strategies, and lays out plans to invest on capacity building for introducing Multidimensional Poverty Index measurement.

Who works for this? Advisory committee Technical committee Headed by Member, General Economic Division; representatives from 15 Ministries that are spending for children; and experts and economist from civil society. Technical committee Headed by Member, GED and representatives from 15 ministries Technical Working Group Composed of GED, BBS and Finance Division Technical support from UNICEF Bangladesh and OPHI

C-MPI Model Deprivation cut-off Dimension Indicator Weight 1. Child Environment Electricity Deprived if the household has no electricity. 0.05 2. Sanitation Deprived if the household’s sanitation facility is not improved or it is improved but shared with other households. 3. Drinking Water Deprived if the household does not have access to safe drinking water or used improved drinking water is more than a 30-minute walk from home roundtrip. 4. Floor Deprived if the household has a dirt, sand or dung floor. 5. Cooking fuel Deprived if the household cooks with dung, wood, charcoal or crop residues.

C-MPI Model (continued) Dimension Indicator Deprivation Cut-off Weight 2. Child Development 1. School attendance Deprived if there is at least one member of household aged 6-17 years who is not attending school 0.125 2. Years of schooling Deprived if no household member has completed 10 years of schooling 3. Child Survival Malnutrition Deprived if any child (aged 0-4 years) of the household is stunted or wasted or underweight. 2. Child mortality Deprived if any child aged 0-4 years ever died in the household in

C-MPI Model (continued) Dimension Indicator Deprivation Cut-off Weight 4. Child Protection 1. Child marriage Deprived if any women (aged 15-24 years) of household who was first married before age 18. 0.083 2. Child violence Deprived if any child (aged 1-14 years) of household who experienced any physical punishment in the past one month. 3. Birth registration Deprived of any child (aged 0-4 years) of household whose birth was not registered with a civil authority.

Bangladesh C-MPI at different poverty cut-off As MPI approaches to zero, it means both H and A are getting lower and lower (performing better)

Future Plans To use data from ongoing MICS 2018-2019 to update C-MPI To adopt the methodology for preparing national MPI on a regular basis

Key Issues and Challenges Who will be the custodian of this undertaking BBS or GED? According to the Statistics Act, BBS has the mandate to produce official statistics and authenticate all administrative data. Developing in-house capacity of national statistical system Identification and availability of representative household survey data that represents the multi-dimensional nature of the model Finalizing the indicators

Key Issues and Challenges Policy and programmes to prioritize sectoral interventions, policy discourse and resource allocation. There should also be a provision within the Alkire-Foster model to account for the profound effect of climate change on populations, which affects over 19 million children in Bangladesh.

Thank you! Questions?