Large-Scale Gradients in Human Cortical Organization Julia M. Huntenburg, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Daniel S. Margulies  Trends in Cognitive Sciences  Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 21-31 (January 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.002 Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A Sensorimotor-to-Transmodal Gradient Based on MRI Data of the Human Cerebral Cortex. A basic sensorimotor-to-transmodal organization is apparent in different cortical features in the human cerebral cortex as assessed with MRI. (A) Intracortical myelin increases along the sensorimotor-to-transmodal gradient (regions with low signal quality are masked) [25]. (B) The main variance in functional connectivity patterns spans between primary sensorimotor areas and transmodal regions of the DMN. The connectivity gradient does not have a unit, but it is strongly related to a spectrum of concrete-to-abstract cognitive domains [35]. (C) The map shows a superposition of the first three semantic category-processing gradients. The largest axis of variation separates perceptual and physical categories in sensorimotor areas from more abstract concepts in transmodal regions [46]. (D) The length of events that are represented in a given area, here extracted from movie-watching data, varies from short events in sensory areas to long events in transmodal regions (only patterns with high between-subject consistency are shown, for example, somatosensory regions did not respond consistently to auditory–visual input) [53]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2018 22, 21-31DOI: (10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Example of an Intrinsic Coordinate System. We propose an intrinsic coordinate system based on the distance along the cortex. Each data point in the intrinsic coordinate space (left) represents a location on the cortical surface (right). (A) Data points are colored according to the first intrinsic dimension. This dimension is given by the distance along the cortical surface between sensorimotor and transmodal regions, represented in a color spectrum from red to blue. In other words, the minimum distance of a cortical location from any of the red transmodal seed regions determines its position along the first intrinsic dimension. In the abstract representation (left), this dimension is represented by concentric circles of increasing size. When displayed on the cortical surface (right) it largely aligns with the feature maps in Figure 1. (B) Data points are colored according to the second intrinsic dimension, which differentiates between the different sensory modalities. The position of a cortical location along this dimension is given by its relative distance along the cortex from three morphological landmarks in primary areas. Each cortical location is assigned an RGB value composed of its proximity to each of these landmarks (calcarine sulcus=red, transverse sulcus=green, central sulcus=blue). That means, the closer a cortical location is to the calcarine sulcus, the higher its R value, and so on. The second dimension is captured by the distance along the arc of the abstract representation of the intrinsic coordinate space (left). s., sulcus. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2018 22, 21-31DOI: (10.1016/j.tics.2017.11.002) Copyright © 2017 The Authors Terms and Conditions