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Threatened Birds of India

Why birds are threatened Habitat Destruction Expansion of Agriculture Rapid Industrialization Poaching and Trade Global Warming and Climate Change

Categories of threatened birds Extinct – not seen at least for 50 years Critically Endangered – likely to be extinct Endangered – high risk of extinction Vulnerable – risk of extinction Near threatened – close to vulnerable Least Concern – not qualify any of the above Data deficient – no information available

Threatened Birds Scenario Species World India Critically Endangered 181 9 Endangered 351 12 Vulnerable 674 59 Near Threatened 795 58 Total 2001 138

Critically Endangered In Central India we have 9 species of the birds which come under this category

White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis This species is widely distributed in India Till late 1990 it was in abundant but declined rapidly Cause – veterinary use of diclofenac for livestock

Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus This species is also widely distributed in India Like White-backed Vultures their population declined rapidly after 1990 Cause – veterinary use of diclofenac for cattle

Jerdon's Courser Rhinptilus bitorquatus This is endemic bird found in south-eastern Andhra Pradesh. Earlier known from few places in Central India from Godavari River basin. Habitat specialist bird found only in scrub forest Threats – habitat destruction because of human activities

Forest Owlet Heteroglaux blewitti This bird is endemic to Satpuda Mountains known from only from six places in Central India. Because of the Forest Owlet, the Central Indian Forests come under Endemic Bird Area Only found in dry deciduous forests Threats – habitat destruction for fuel wood, illicit wood cutting, overgrazing and direct persecution by tribal

Endangered We have 12 bird species which come under this category

Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps Historically spread all over Indian subcontinent. Now restricted to only a few places in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Habitat specialist birds representative of Grassland Threats – expansion of agriculture, habitat fragmentation, overgrazing, pesticides and hunting

Vulnerable We have 59 species which come under this category

Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis The species found all over India in large wetlands The population is declining very fast Threats – destruction of nesting habitat, drainage and pollution of wetlands and dearth of food

Sarus Crane Grus antigone Historically widespread all over south Asia and Australia. Now declining all over its range Threats - primarily threatened by a combination of habitat loss and modification (owing primarily to agricultural expansion), pollution and persecution

Near Threatened We have 58 species which fall under this category

Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala Widespread and locally common resident in South east Asia It frequents freshwater marshes, lakes and reservoirs, flooded fields, paddy fields, freshwater swamp forests, riverbanks, intertidal mudflats and saltpans Threats - habitat loss, disturbance, pollution and hunting of adults and collection of eggs and nestlings from colonies is cause for concern

Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor Found only in Asia and African Continent Every year 10% population decline is observed in Africa. It breeds in Little Run of Katch in Gujarat After breeding, disperse over Indian Subcontinent Threats – water pollution, disturbance to nesting sites and habitat destruction

Thanks Submitted by Ambar Patna

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