Ablative absolute Ablativus absolutus

absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, absolutus to free, release

NOUN AND PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE case Comprises of: NOUN AND PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE case

TRANSLATION IS MORE OFTEN WITH

WITH THE DINNER HAVING BEEN SERVED or WITH THE TRAIN DEPARTING

PERFECT PASSIVE AND PRESENT ACTIVE BOTH PARTICIPLES ARE BEING USED IN ABLATIVE APSOLUTE CONSTRUCTION AND THIS IS INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION REGARDING THE REST OF THE SENTENCE PERFECT PASSIVE AND PRESENT ACTIVE also we can use perfect active participle

Urbe capta, milites discessĒrunt. With the city having being captured, the soldiers departed.

Omnibus tacentibus, libertus nomina recitavit. With everyone being quiet, the freedman read out the names.

domino egresso, servi garrire coeperunt. With the master having gone out, the slaves began to chatter.

A noun or pronoun, with a participle in agreement, may be put in the ablative to define the time or circumstances of an action. This construction is called the Ablative Absolute.

Examples: Caesar, acceptīs litterīs, nūntium mittit. (B. G. 5.46) Having received the letter, Cæsar sends a messenger. (the letter having been received) Quibus rēbus cōgnitīs Caesar apud mīlitēs cōntiōnātur. (B. C. 1.7) Having learned this, Cæsar makes a speech to the soldiers. (with that things having been learned)

We can also use participle present active Mercatoribus ridentibus, senex pecuniam quaesivit. With the merchants laughing, the old man searched for money. Or while the merchants were laughing, the old man searched for money.

Sometimes we can have 2 nouns in abl. case Cicerone consule with Cicero as consul Caesare duce with Cesar as leader

Te consule with you as consul Me duce with me as leader Or pronoun and noun Te consule with you as consul Me duce with me as leader

Or adjective and noun and participle Tota cena consumpta with a whole dinner having been eaten or after the whole dinner was eaten

Practice: pg. 191 ACT 3 and 5

The Ablative Absolute is an adverbial modifier of the predicate The Ablative Absolute is an adverbial modifier of the predicate. It is, however, not grammatically dependent on any word in the sentence: hence its name absolute (absolūtus, i.e. free or unconnected). A substantive in the Ablative Absolute very seldom denotes a person or thing elsewhere mentioned in the same clause.