Ch. 6: ROME – From Republic… …to Empire ! Getting started…Let’s Understand Where We’re Going Ch. 6: ROME – From Republic… [509 – 44 B.C.] Republic – a type of government where power rests with the citizens who are allowed to vote for their leader, usually an elected President, not a monarch / king. …to Empire ! [43 B.C. – 476 A.D.] Empire – when several territories, regions, peoples are placed under a single, sovereign authority creating one huge “country”. See Timeline in Textbook, p. 138-139 or on front of your CH 6 packet. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.139; Packet p. 15 BRITAIN GAUL Alps Mts. Tiber R. Black Sea Rome Greece SPAIN Carthage . Mediterranean Sea Alexandria . EGYPT AFRICA

It’s strategic location on the sea CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 753 B.C. Rome is founded, according to legend 1. How did geography affect the development of Rome? It’s strategic location on the sea and fertile soil on the Tiber River. The legend of Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess, were raised by a she-wolf. Textbook, p. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Three Groups on the Italian peninsula: Textbook, p. 141 “Beginnings of Rome” Three Groups on the Italian peninsula: Etruscans - were native to northern Italy. They were skilled metalworkers and engineers. The Etruscans strongly influenced the development of Roman civilization. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

evolve from old Etruscan writing? CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 753 B.C. Rome is founded, according to legend 1. How did geography affect the development of Rome? It’s strategic location on the sea and fertile soil on the Tiber River. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. Did Latin evolve from old Etruscan writing? http://www.forumromanum.org/latin/quotations.html Left: Bronze tablets from 6 century B.C. showing Etruscan writing bear striking similarity to Latin letters PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

A Keystone is the “secret” to an Arch-way. CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. Invention of Concrete! A Keystone! And The Arch! Led the Romans to become Master Builders! Roman military legions crossing a bridge in Spain – one of many Roman bridges that still stand today in Europe. Legion – Roman military units. A Keystone is the “secret” to an Arch-way. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. Right: A Roman Bath house. Left: The Pantheon -Temple to “all the gods” http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Pantheon.html The Pantheon -Temple to“all the gods,” built by Emperor Hadrian in 118 A.D. It had the largest dome in the world until 1436. The Pantheon became a Christian Church in 609. Rome, Italy. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3 Besides the Etruscans, the Romans also borrowed religious ideas from the Greeks.

It’s strategic location on the sea CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3 753 B.C. Rome is founded, according to legend 1. How did geography affect the development of Rome? It’s strategic location on the sea and fertile soil on the Tiber River. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. 3. Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? 509 B.C. Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic. Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) Republic – a type of government where power rests with the citizens who are allowed to vote for their leader, usually an elected President, not a monarch / king. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3 3. Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? 509 B.C. Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic. Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) Patricians lived well in Rome, and usually had several slaves. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3 600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes king of Rome. 2. How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet, the arch in building, and religious ideas. 3. Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic? 509 B.C. Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic. Patricians (the upper class) and the Plebians (ordinary people) 4. What is the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman law? 451 B.C. Officials begin writing the Twelve Tables Became basis for all future Roman laws and established the principle that all citizens had a right to protection under the law ! “Twelve Tables” -the earliest law code, drawn from religious and secular custom. It was published on tablets of bronze or wood and placed in the Roman forum – the marketplace, or main public center of any Roman town. In Rome, Italy today one can tour the ruins of the old Roman Forum. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

See Models of Roman Forum, http://www.quiknet.com/~fifi/index50.html See pic in textbook, p. 142 See Models of Roman Forum, http://www.quiknet.com/~fifi/index50.html http://www.cvrlab.org/projects/real_time/roman_forum/roman_forum.html

many great legacies adopted later in the legal principles The Roman Republic Packet, p. 3; Part B JUDICIAL tribunes – Judges chosen from and for the plebians, their offices were established to protect the plebeians from arbitrary actions of patrician senators. EXECUTIVE 2 consuls – two leaders! [hoping to prevent all-power residing in one single man] presided over the Senate, brought forward legislation (law proposals), served as generals in military campaigns, represented Rome in foreign affairs. LEGISLATIVE Senate – representative body of appointed men who were the law-makers and principle decision-makers. THE REPUBLIC of the United States of America JUDICIAL The Supreme Court, as well as state, and local justices. EXECUTIVE The President LEGISLATIVE the U.S. Congress (Senate and the House of Representatives) ________________________________ One of Rome’s many great legacies adopted later in the legal principles and government found in the United States today is shown here. What is it? Dictator – in times of emergency / crisis, all power given to this one individual, and then, only for 6 months !

The Roman Senate in session. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

More on the Roman legionaires… CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p. 3 390 B.C. – Gauls sack Rome. 5. How did Rome regain control of Italy after getting attacked by the Gauls? Rome rebuilt the city, conquered all rivals, and began empire-building with a lenient policy toward people it conquered. More on the Roman legionaires… http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/legions.html PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

As Rome’s expansion begins… one Rival stands in her way… PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

The terms were payment ($)and the cession of Punic Sicily to Rome. The First Punic War, 264-241 BC, grew immediately out of a quarrel between the cities of Messana (now Messina) and Syracuse both on the island of Sicily. One faction of the Messanians called on Carthage for help and another faction called on Rome. The Strait of Messana, which separates the Italian Peninsula from Sicily, was of extreme strategic importance, and both powers responded. The Punic army arrived in Sicily first, arranged a peace between Messana and Syracuse, and established a garrison. Upon its arrival, the Roman army ejected the Carthaginians from the garrison, and thus the war began. Roman legions occupied E. Sicily and took Palermo (254) but were effectively blocked farther west by the brilliant guerrilla warfare of Hamilcar Barca , and they failed to take Lilybaeum, the chief Punic base. The Romans equipped a new fleet that destroyed the Punic fleet in 241 B.C. off the Aegates (now Aegadian Isles), and Carthage sued for peace. In the First Punic War….. ROME WINS! Gets Sicily ! The terms were payment ($)and the cession of Punic Sicily to Rome. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p. 3 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin. 6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars? Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for control of trade in the Mediterranean region. 1st War: Rome gains Sicily 7. What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal? 218 B.C. Second Punic War begins. Alps Mts. Rome SPAIN Sicily Carthage . Mediterranean Sea AFRICA

The famous Carthaginian General HANNIBAL’S Crossing of the Alps

Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p. 3 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin. 6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars? Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for control of trade in the Mediterranean region. 1st War: Rome gains Sicily What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal? 218 B.C. Second Punic War begins. By attacking Carthage directly, he forced Hannibal to end his terrorizing of Italy, and return home to defend Carthage. 2nd War: Rome gains Spain Alps Mts. Rome SPAIN Sicily Carthage . Mediterranean Sea AFRICA

Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p. ; Packet p. 3 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin. 6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars? Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for control of trade in the Mediterranean region. 1st War: Rome gains Sicily What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal? 218 B.C. Second Punic War begins. 202 B.C. Romans defeat Hannibal’s army. By attacking Carthage directly, he forced Hannibal to end his terrorizing of Italy, and return home to defend Carthage. 2nd War: Rome gains Spain 149 B.C. Third Punic War begins. 8. What was the significance of the Punic Wars for Rome? 3rd War: Rome brutally ends Carthage. N. Africa becomes a Roman province. Rome’s expansion now gave it domination over all the Mediterranean Sea region. Basically Carthage was pushed into fighting again. Rome declared war on Carthage in 149 BC, and an army landed in Africa after a long blockade. Carthage surrendered, as they could not take the onslaught of Roman might. The Roman terms were bitterly opposed by Carthage, as they called for the physical destruction of the city. This was in no small part due to the constant calls of Cato the Elder, who ended each speech he made in the Senate with "Carthago delenda est!" (Carthage must be destroyed). Carthage managed to withstand a siege for 3 years before yielding. In 146, Scipio Aemilianus (S. Africanus Minor) stormed and sacked Carthage. It is alledged that the Roman army then turned up stones, plowed the land over, and salted it.** By salting it, they guaranteed that no Carthage could rise up from the ruins of the old. This tale has been told for many years however, there is debate as to whether the Romans did indeed salt the earth. The territory was made into the Roman province of Africa. "Carthago delenda est!” (Carthage must be destroyed.) Cato the Elder, Roman Senator PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.