Initial Characterization of a Type I Fatty Acid Synthase and Polyketide Synthase Multienzyme Complex NorS in the Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin B1 Coran M.H.

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Initial Characterization of a Type I Fatty Acid Synthase and Polyketide Synthase Multienzyme Complex NorS in the Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin B1 Coran M.H Watanabe, Craig A Townsend Chemistry & Biology Volume 9, Issue 9, Pages 981-988 (September 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2

Figure 1 Aflatoxin Biosynthetic Pathway Is Initiated by a Type I PKS and FAS Pair Type I PKS and FAS enzymes give norsolorinic acid (1), which is converted in ∼15 steps via versicolorin A (3) and sterigmatocystin (4) to aflatoxin B1 (2). Chemistry & Biology 2002 9, 981-988DOI: (10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2)

Figure 2 Proposed Iterative PKS Steps to 6-Methylsalicylic Acid and Norsolorinic Acid Proposed iterative polyketide synthase steps to (top) 6-methylsalicylic acid (6) and (bottom) norsolorinic acid (1). PksA is primed by a hexanoyl starter generated by the HexA/B pair of yeast-like FAS subunits. Chemistry & Biology 2002 9, 981-988DOI: (10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2)

Figure 3 Autoradiogram of PKS and FAS Activities in the Diafiltered Cell-free Extract Autoradiogram of metabolites extracted into ethyl acetate from diafiltered CFE incubated in the presence of: lane 1, [2-14C]malonylCoA; lane 2, [2-14C]malonylCoA + acetylCoA; lane 3, [2-14C]malonylCoA + hexanoylCoA; lane 4, as in lane 3 + cerulenin; lane 5, [2-14C]malonylCoA + hexanoylCoA + NADPH + SAM + FAD; lane 6, [2-14C]malonylCoA + acetylCoA + NADPH + SAM +FAD; lane 7, as in lane 6 + cerulenin; lane 8, boiled diafiltered CFE + [2-14C]malonylCoA. Chemistry & Biology 2002 9, 981-988DOI: (10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2)

Figure 4 Partial Purification of the PksA-HexA/B Complex Silver-stained SDS-PAGE gel of catalytically active fractions containing NorS after EAH Sepharose 4B-hexanamide, EAH Sepharose 4B-acetoacetamide affinity chromatography steps, and size fractionation on Sepharose 6B: lane 1, fractions 40/41; lane 2, fractions 42/43; lane 3, fractions 44/45. Chemistry & Biology 2002 9, 981-988DOI: (10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2)

Figure 5 Nature of the Hexanoyl Priming of PksA The transfer of the hexanoyl primer can occur either (top) by release of free hexanoylCoA from HexA/B and intramolecular transfer to PksA to initiate polyketide synthesis or (bottom) by intracomplex transfer (channeling) within NorS by transthioesterification to the PksA ACP or KS. Chemistry & Biology 2002 9, 981-988DOI: (10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2)

Figure 6 Attempted Detection of HexanoylCoA by HPLC Radiometric HPLC analysis of an extract from suspended cells of PKS-A (disruption mutant of pksA) grown in the presence of [1-14C]acetylCoA. No radioactivity was detected for hexanoylCoA (tR = 17.5 min). Chemistry & Biology 2002 9, 981-988DOI: (10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00213-2)