New Insights into Dynamic Actin-Based Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement  Kong Sam-Geun , Wada Masamitsu   Molecular Plant  Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 771-781 (September 2011) DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr061 Copyright © 2011 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A Model Illustrating the Regulation Mechanisms of Cp-Actin Filament Dynamics in Chloroplast Photorelocation Movement by Blue Light. In the accumulation response, the photoreceptors (phot1, phot2, neo1) perceive blue or red-light signal and transduce downstream signals in long distances to induce cp-actin polymerization at the leading edge of the moving chloroplast, showing directional movement with exposure to weak blue light or red light (in case of fern). In the case of the avoidance response, phot2 solely transduces the signal proximately associated with the chloroplast to induce biased cp-actin filaments by intensive depolymerization at the rear part of the moving chloroplast, showing a directional movement against strong blue light. Molecular Plant 2011 4, 771-781DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssr061) Copyright © 2011 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Cp-Actin Filament Dynamics on the Chloroplast Envelope in the Dark (A), during Avoidance Movement Induced by strong Microbeam (B), and after the Microbeam Light Off (C). Cp-actin filaments visualized by GFP-tagged talin were observed under a confocal microscope (SP5; Leica). A multi-argon laser was used to excite the GFP (488 nm) and induce the chloroplast avoidance response (458 nm). Four images in 0.67-μm steps were captured with a lens (63×/1.20W) at a resolution of 256 × 128 using a 6× digital zoom for 20 cycles, and the stimulating laser (458 nm, 2.8 μW) scanned the rectangular ROI (10 × 20μm) for 20 s between intervals. The time points at which the photographs were taken are shown on the upper and left side of each photograph and the duration for dark incubation is also shown in (A). A 5% output power of an exciting laser (20 W) was used to induce the chloroplast avoidance response. Molecular Plant 2011 4, 771-781DOI: (10.1093/mp/ssr061) Copyright © 2011 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions