Greek Mythology and Hellenistic Culture Chapter 10 Lesson 1,2, and 4 Greek Mythology and Hellenistic Culture

Greek Gods and Goddesses 12 Major Greek Gods and Goddesses (Olympians) Gods held great power and strength however were not feared due to looking and acting human. Zeus was the Chief god Each City-state had a god/goddess that they worshipped. Athens- Athena

Greek Gods and Goddesses Zeus- Chief God Athena- Wisdom/Crafts Apollo- Music/poetry and Sun Aphrodite- Love Ares- War Hephaestus- Fire/ Metalworking Dionyous- Wine Poseidon- Sea and earthquakes Hades- Underworld/ Death Hera- Marriage/ Home Hermes- Messenger Artemis- Hunt/ Wild Animals Demeter- Harvest/ Agriculture Hestia- Home/hearth

The Titans Parents of the Olympians Cronus was the father of all 12 Olympians and ate all of his children except Zeus. Zeus then killed Cronus and saved his siblings

Greek Oracles Each person has a fate or destiny A oracle is a person who give prophecies from the gods.

Epics and Fables Greek Literature was the oldest in western civilization Iliad and Odyssey- Composed during the 700 BC based on stories of the Trojan Wars. Written by Homer Fable- Short Tale that teachers a lesson: Aesop’s Fables (TOLD AS A ORAL TRADITION FOR MANY YEARS)

The Golden Age of Greece 479 BC to 431BC ART, PHIOLOSOPHY, ARCHIECTURE, LITERATURE ALL FLORISHED

Greek Drama 2 Categories Tragedy- overcome struggles and hardships however are unsuccessful Comedy- End’s with a happy ending and the show is typically not a serious. ONLY MEN COULD WORK IN DRAMA

Art and Architecture Art- Artistic styles began to emerge setting standard for beauty in all pieces Architecture- Built elaborate temples for gods/goddesses Greek Columns- supported their buildings) Most known Parthenon

Greek Philosophy Philosophy- The study of Thinking of The study of Reason Philosopher – a person who studies philosophy 4 main philosophers Sophist Socrates Aristotle Plato

Sophists Group of philosophers/teachers who traveled from polis to polis Best known for their rhetoric –public speaking Gods influenced Human Behavior Accepted money for teacher

Socrates From Athens Spent most of his life teaching No written record of his work all information we have was written by his students on him. Believed in absolute truth ad Socratic Method 399BC City leaders arrested and tried Socrates and he was sentenced to death.

Plato Socrates Student Founded a school in Athens Wrote the book “The Republic” which divided society into three classes. Believed government must be fair and just for an ideal society to work. Believed women should have more rights and an education/job

Aristotle Wrote more then 600 pieces of works. Covering all types of topics. 335 BC Started a school called Lyceum to teach students the “Golden Mean” People should live moderately.

History- Herodotus “The Father of History” Wrote the History of Persian War Thucydides (thoo-Sih-duh-deez) Wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War The main difference in the historians is Herodotus believe that the gods played a role in history. Thucydides believe no gods played a role in history.

Hippocrates- “Father of Medicine” Believed that disease came from natural causes not evil spirts Created the Hippocratic Oath- Physicians take the oath to put patient care first and keep confidentiality.

Scientist Thales- Studied Astronomy and Mathematics- Engineer. Pythagoras- Studied Mathematic and Geometry Best known for the Pythagorean Theorem- All relationship are expressed in numbers