Minimally invasive limited pericardiectomy: the hybrid approach Toshiya Ohtsuka, MD, Shinichi Takamoto, MD, Jun Nakajima, MD, Takeshi Miyairi, MD, Yutaka Kotsuka, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 70, Issue 4, Pages 1429-1430 (October 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01852-X
Fig 1 Photograph of patient’s left chest for hybrid approach showing 4-cm-long thoracotomy (bidirectional arrow) at anterior fourth intercostal space and 10-mm, 30-degree rigid scope (arrowheads) through port below minithoracotomy. (N = left nipple.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000 70, 1429-1430DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01852-X)