Ch 8 Energy Notes Work When the kinetic energy of an object changes, work has been done on the object. Units of work: Joules Work is a scalar quantity.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 8 Energy Notes Work When the kinetic energy of an object changes, work has been done on the object. Units of work: Joules Work is a scalar quantity.

Work Work depends on: The amount of force applied to the object. Ch 8 Energy Notes Work Work depends on: The amount of force applied to the object. The distance that the object moves while the force is applied. The direction of the force with respect to the direction the object moves.

Ch 8 Energy Notes Work If the force on the object is in the direction the object moves, the work done is: W = Fd F x

Ch 8 Energy Notes Work If the direction of the force is opposite the direction the object moves, work is: W = -Fd F x

Ch 8 Energy Notes Force is NOT Work If the force is perpendicular to the direction the object moves, the work done is 0. If the object doesn’t move, the work done is 0. F W = 0 x

Work and Kinetic Energy Ch 8 Energy Notes Work and Kinetic Energy The work done on an object by the net force equals the object’s change in kinetic energy. Wnet = DKE

Power DWork Power = time W P t Power is the rate work is done. Ch 8 Energy Notes Power Power is the rate work is done. DWork Power = time W P t

Power Units of power: 1 Joule/sec = 1 Watt 1000 Watts = 1 kilowatt Ch 8 Energy Notes Power Units of power: 1 Joule/sec = 1 Watt 1000 Watts = 1 kilowatt Power is a scalar quantity.

(Simple) Machines A machine is a mechanical device used to do work. Ch 8 Energy Notes (Simple) Machines A machine is a mechanical device used to do work. Examples of simple machines: Inclined plane Lever pulley

(Simple) Machines Workout = Workin Ch 8 Energy Notes (Simple) Machines A machine can never output more work (energy) than is put into it. At best, Workout = Workin Machine Workout Workin

Ch 8 Energy Notes Mechanical Advantage Machines can’t multiply work or energy, but they can multiply force. Mechanical advantage measures how much a machine multiplies force. Force machine exerts MA = Force you exert

Efficiency Useful work done Efficiency = x 100% Energy input Ch 8 Energy Notes Efficiency The efficiency of a machine tells how much of the energy (work) that goes into the machine actually does useful work. It is usually expressed as a percent. Useful work done Efficiency = x 100% Energy input