Latin II/III Review: 3rd, 3rd –io, and 4th conjugation verbs Sept. 13, 2012

Reviewing Verb Conjugations 1st conjugation verbs have –o, -are as their dictionary endings like amo, amare. 2nd conjugation verbs have –eo, -ere as their dictionary endings like doceo, docere.

Reviewing Verb Conjugations 3rd conjugation verbs have –o, -ere as their dictionary endings like pono, ponere. 3rd –io verbs have –io, -ere as their dictionary endings like capio, capere. 4th conjugation verbs have –io, -ire as their dictionary endings like audio, audire.

·ponis ponitis ·ponit ponunt “pono, ponere.” ·We drop the –ere instead of just the “-re.” ·Present Tense: ·pono ponimus ·ponis ponitis ·ponit ponunt

·Here’s what 3rd conjugation present tense endings look like with their “new” vowels. ·-o -imus ·-is -itis ·-it -unt

pono ponimus ponis ponitis ponit ponunt capio capimus capis capitis Present Tense (Review!) 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th: pono ponimus ponis ponitis ponit ponunt capio capimus capis capitis capit capiunt audio audimus audis auditis audit audiunt Remember that the “e” changes to “i” or “u” Remember that this has “i” in its stem

Imperfect Tense (“was….”) ponebam ponebamus ponebas ponebatis ponebat ponebant capiebam capiebamus capiebas capiebatis capiebat capiebant audiebam audiebamus audiebas audiebatis audiebat audiebant

Making FUTURE Tense FUTURE TENSE for these verbs (3rd, 3rd –io, and 4th) looks very similar to their PRESENT TENSE. The only difference is the vowels you use before the personal endings. Do NOT use the bo, bis, bit endings like we do for 1st and 2nd conjugations!

ponam ponemus pones ponetis ponet ponent capiam capiemus Future Tense (“will….”) ponam ponemus pones ponetis ponet ponent capiam capiemus capies capietis capiet capient audiam audiemus audies audietis audiet audient 3rd –io has an ‘i’ in every form! 4th already has ‘i’ in its stem!

·Present Tense ·pono ponimus ·ponis ponitis ·ponit ponunt ·Future Tense ·ponam ponemus ·pones ponetis ·ponet ponent

So…what does it mean??? Cibum in carrum ponimus. We place the food into the cart. Cibum in carrum ponemus. We will place the food into the cart. You know ponemus is future because you know that pono, ponere is 3rd conjugation and 3rd conjugation verbs use “E” in their future tense endings.

Every “E” Is Not Future Tense  2nd conjugation verbs have “e” that occurs naturally in their PRESENT tense. 2nd conjugation verbs: -eo, -ere doceo, docere: teach Present Tense Future Tense doceo docemus docebo docebimus doces docetis docebis docebitis docet docent docebit docebunt

Things To Take Away With You! If a verb ends in bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt, it’s DEFINITELY future tense. If a verb ends in –am it’s DEFINITELY future tense (1st person, “I will…”) If a verb ends in –es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent it’s either PRESENT or FUTURE. Check its conjugation to see: 2nd conjugation: PRESENT 3rd/4th conjugation: FUTURE If a verb ending has a combination of –ie-, it’s always future tense (unless it has a –ba- there!)

Practice! You may work with a partner. Get a “check” for daily credit! Puellae equos agunt. Puellae equos agent. Caesar oppidum capit. Caesar oppidum capiet. Captivi ab oppido in silvam fugiunt. Litteras ad Marcum, amicum meum, mittam. Servus ab casa fugiet. Viri puellas defendent. I will lead the horses. We will send a messenger to town.