Fig. 3 Power generation of the TED and its impact on active cooling.

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Fig. 3 Power generation of the TED and its impact on active cooling. Power generation of the TED and its impact on active cooling. (A) Schematic diagram of the measurement setup used to monitor power generation on human skin. The voltage and current were measured with various load resistors while the TED was attached to the wearer’s arm. (B) Power generation as a function of output voltage under various thermal conditions. (C) Summary of the maximum power generation from our TED on a heater or human skin. The maximum power generation on human skin was 4.5 μW cm−2, and the open-circuit voltage (VOC) was 74.5 mV at room temperature (Tair = 22°C) with natural convection (sitting). The power generation increased up to 10.7 μW cm−2 with mild forced convection (walking) and up to 25.1 μW cm−2 under cold conditions (sitting, Tair = 10°C). (D) Summary of power generation and VOC of wearable TEDs from the literature. All the measurements were performed on human skin without heat sinks at room temperature. (E) Simulation results comparing cooling (Peltier effect, black) and power generation (Seebeck effect, blue) performance as functions of GTED and ZT (right) and schematic illustration of the geometry and thermal conditions used in the simulation (left). Sahngki Hong et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaaw0536 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).