Understanding Diversity Packet #63 Chapter #25 Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
Diversity How are organisms related? How are organisms different? How and why do we divide organisms into groups? Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
Introduction Biodiversity Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature The variety of living organisms and the ecosystems they form. Taxonomy The science of naming organisms and assigning them to groups Binomial Nomenclature Is a unique system, devised by Carolus Linneaus, used in the assignment of a genus and a species to all extant and extinct organisms. The genus, and species, of the organism is used to provide the name.
Binomial Nomenclature A system, developed by Carolus Linnaeus, is used in the naming of organisms. This system is called binomial nomenclature. This system uses the genus and species, from the classification/taxonomy table, to name an organism Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
Binomial Nomenclature Most names are based on Latin and/or Greek words. The cockroach Periplaneta americana Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
Classification History Early taxonomists classified organisms into two kingdoms Plante and Animalia Haeckel established Kingdom Protista Whittaker proposed the 5-kingdom classification in 1969 Woese, and colleagues, proposed the development of domains based on RNA sequencing Hence today a 3 domain/5 or 6 kingdom scheme Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
Taxonomic Categories Taxons The “formal” grouping at a particular level Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
DOMAINS & KINGDOMS Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
Three Domain Classification System Domains are based on fundamental and molecular differences among eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes Domains Archaea Eubacteria Eukarya
Domains II Archae vs. Eubacteria Archae & Eukarya Absence of peptidoglycen in the cell walls of Archae Archae lacks enzyme RNA polymerase characteristic of eubacteria Archae & Eukarya Archae has combinatoin of bacteria-like and eukaryotic-like genes Archae appears more closely related to Eukarya Thursday, August 29, 2019Thursday, August 29, 2019 © Ryan Barrow 2008
The Six-Kingdom Classification System Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plante Animalia More on individual kingdoms to come down the road!