Early Years of the War Section 2 Chapter 16

First Battle of Bull Run First Major Battle of the Civil War Manassas Va., July 21, 1861 Union Gen. Irwin McDowell attacks Confederate forces led by P.G.T. Beauregard Reinforcements under Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat Union soldiers South Wins Located in Northern Virginia

First Battle of Bull Run A Shock for the North—began to realize that this would be a longer harder war Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan to head the Union army of the East Army of the Potomac

War at Sea Abraham Lincoln orders a blockade of Southern ports. Prevented the South from exporting cotton and importing war supplies South challenged the blockade by using blockade runners Blockade reduced trade by two-thirds

War at Sea Monitor vs. Merrimack Confederate forces covered the Merrimack with Iron plates and attacked Union ships. March 9th 1862 Union Iron Ship the Monitor meets the Merrimack (renamed—Virginia) Neither ship could be destroyed—marked a new era in naval warfare.

War in the West North's first strategic goal in the West was to gain control of the Mississippi and Tennessee River. Union launched operations from Cairo, Illinois under the command of Ulysses S. Grant. Union forces capture Confederate Forts Henry and Donnellson—Feb. 6 1862 Grant had many victories and was famous for his “unconditional surrenders”

The Battle of Shiloh Corinth, Mississippi was the location of the Battle of Shiloh. The battle lasted 2 days—April 6th and 7th 1862 Some of the bloodiest fighting of the war First day Confederates drive Grant back 2nd day reinforcements come and Union gains ground Grant and the North are victorious More the 20,000 causalities

New Orleans Falls Union naval forces under the command of David Farragut capture New Orleans April 25, 1862 Confederates could no longer use Mississippi River to carry its goods to sea Union forces control Mississippi River

War in the East George McClellan’s goal in March of 1862 was to capture Richmond Va. McClellan begins the Peninsular Campaign-major offensive operation against Richmond Va. Moves troops by ship to Richmond McClellan delays attack—fails to capture Richmond

War in the East McClellan finally meets Confederates at the 7 Days Battles Lee Commands Confederate forces Delays allow South to prepare their defense of Richmond. Confederate cavalry leader J.E.B. Stuart leads his men in a circle around the Union army to gather tactical information Lee drives McClellan’s Union forces back to James River—defeating McClellan

Gloom in the North Northerners had little hope Call for 300,000 more volunteers—little respond Lincoln orders McClellan to join troops led by Major Gen. John Pope Stonewall Jackson’s troops attack a Union supply base at Manassas Union Gen. John Pope meets Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run—August 29, 1862 Confederates win battle—only 20 miles from Washington D.C.

The Battle of Antietam Jefferson Davis orders Lee to launch an offensive into Maryland The Union forces find a copy of Lee’s orders in a field near Frederick, Md. September 17, 1862 becomes the bloodiest day of the War—Battle of Antietam Union troops claims victory McClellan refuses to chase Lee into Virginia—Lincoln fires McClellan and replaces him with Burnside