Assoc. Prof. Hussam Elbehiery Introduction to Computer Science for Pharmacy First Level Assoc. Prof. Hussam Elbehiery Lecture 2 Computers Software Egypt 2018

Software Software can be divided into three big categories: Operating systems, Programs and Data. The operating system takes care of controlling computer hardware and human-computer interaction. Programs are software which is used to do particular tasks. Data is everything which is produced either by the user or by programs (sometimes even by the operating system) to store information.

There are currently six widely used operating systems: Microsoft Windows, which is the market leader. Macintosh computers have their own operating system Mac OS X. Linux which is a costless operating system. Android, a family of very similar Linux-based operating systems for mobile devices. iOS, for Apple mobile devices. Windows Phone, Microsoft’s operating system for mobile devices.

Software licenses Freeware (Skype, Linux operating system) Shareware (mobile phones apps) Commercial (Microsoft Windows, Photoshop) Subscription-based (MS 365, Photoshop Creative Clouds) Private (E-learning Weebly - University’s MOODLE) Open source software (Linux operating system) Copyleft software (GNU Public License ) Proprietary software (Adobe Acrobat Reader)

Software naming Software is usually identified by a name, for example “Linux” or “Microsoft Office”. Sometimes by a distribution / edition name “Linux Ubuntu”, “Microsoft Office Professional”. Very often by a version number, a sequence of numbers, points and letters (sometimes, as for Windows, commercial names) such as “Linux Ubuntu 13.10” or “Microsoft Office Professional 2013”.

Data format licenses Data need to be saved with a certain structure, called formats. For example, a plain text file may be simply saved as a sequence of letters and symbols, which corresponds to the TXT format. More complex structures, such as images, videos, but also formatted texts, need more elaborated formats to be stored. Closed proprietary (DOC format which, until 2007) Open proprietary (new Word format DOCX) Open, a publicly available (image’s format GIF or formatted text’s format PDF or web page’s format HTML)

Assoc. Prof. Hussam Elbehiery Thank You Assoc. Prof. Hussam Elbehiery