The History of Dental Medicine أخلاقيات المهنة The History of Dental Medicine لا تسع أن تكون أفضل من أحدهم... كن أفضل ما يمكن أن تكون أنت... Dr. Aya A. Ahmed Al-Asmar BDS, MFDS PhD & JB Conservative Dentistry

http://www.ada.org/en/about-the-ada/ada-history-and-presidents-of-the-ada/ada-history-of-dentistry-timeline https://bda.org/museum/the-story-of-dentistry/timeline https://islamstory.com/ar/artical/3407791

In 1210 a Guild of Barbers was established in France In 1210 a Guild of Barbers was established in France. Barbers eventually evolve into two groups: surgeons who were educated and trained to perform complex surgical operations; and lay barbers, or barber-surgeons, who performed more routine hygienic services including shaving, bleeding and tooth extraction.

* A Sumerian text (5000 B.C.) describes “tooth worms” as the cause of dental decay. * The first known dentist was an Egyptian named Hesi-Re (2600 B.C.). He was the chief toothist to the pharaohs. * Hippocrates dedicated 32 paragraphs, in the Peri-Arthron, to teeth. he also wrote about the technique for replacing a dislocated mandible. * Aristotle accurately described extraction forceps and in his book de Partibus Animal Culum devoted a complete chapter to the teeth. He also stated figs and soft sweets produce decay.

Etruscans (100 - 400 B.C.) in the hills of Central Italy made the greatest contribution in restorative dentistry. In Italian museums there are numerous specimens of crowns and bridges which were the equal of many made in Europe and America up until 1870 when the dental engine was invented. A very unusual specimen is a bridge constructed about 2500 years ago. This consists of several gold bands fastened to natural teeth and supporting three artificial teeth, two of which are made from a calf's tooth grooved in the center to appear like two central incisors. Etruscan art, seen at its best in Florence, reflects some oriental influence but essentially it is their own. Conquered in 309 B.C., they were absorbed by the Roman Empire.

* Celsus (25 B.C.), a roman medical writer, wrote on oral hygiene, stabilization of loose teeth, and treatments for toothache, and jaw fractures. * Archigenus (100 A.D.) recognized pulpitis and invented the dental drill to open into pulp champer. * Galen (200 A.D.) was the first to recognize that a toothache could be due to Pulpitis or Pericementitis. He classified teeth into centrals, cuspids and molars.

The Little Medicinal Book for All Kinds of Diseases and Infirmities of the Teeth (Artzney Buchlein), the first book devoted entirely to dentistry, is published in Germany in 1530. Written for barbers and surgeons who treat the mouth, it covers practical topics such as oral hygiene, tooth extraction, drilling teeth, and placement of gold fillings. China and silver paste Japan and India and Oral Medicine In France Ambrose Pare, known as the Father of Surgery, publishes his Complete Works in 1575. This includes practical  information about dentistry such as tooth extraction and the treatment of tooth decay and jaw fractures.

Albucasis (1013 AD) was considered “the great Exponent of * Albucasis (1013 AD) was considered “the great Exponent of Dental Surgery in the middle ages”. His book showed some pictures of dental instruments, such as scalers, elevators), and forceps. Eustachius Guy de Chauliac Giovanni de Arcoli Vesalius Leonardo da Vinci

L. Pierre Fauchard (1723) - Father of Scientific Dentistry * L. Pierre Fauchard (1723) - Father of Scientific Dentistry. Wrote a great text "Surgeon Dentist". He also wrote a complete work on Odontology in two volumes, 843 pages. He advocated the use of lead (plombagel) to fill cavities. He removed all decay and if the pulp was exposed, he used the cautery. He prescribed oil of cloves and cinnamon for pulpitis. He described partial dentures and full dentures in his text. He constructed dentures with springs and used human teeth. Gold dowels were used in root canals filled with lead. He was also known as Father of Orthodontics.

Claude Mouton Isaac Greenwood John Baker Paul Revere John Greenwood  Nicolas Dubois de Chemant  Paul Revere  John Greenwood  Josiah Flagg 

The first woman dentist in England was a widow of Dr. Povey - 1719 * The first woman dentist in England was a widow of Dr. Povey - 1719. When he died she took over his practice. * Amalia Assur was first female dentist in Sweden. In 1866 Rosalie Fougelberg was first to officially practice dentistry in Sweden. * The first woman dentist in the United States was Emeline Rupert Jones. She too, took over her husband's practice after he died and practiced for a least 50 years. She was accepted in both the Connecticut State Dental Society in 1893 and National Dental Association in 1914. * The honor of being the first woman graduate dentist goes to Dr. Lucy Hobbs, 1865. She graduated from the Ohio Dental College.

Dr. John M. Harris in 1828 started the world's first dental school in Bainbridge, Ohio, and helped to establish dentistry as a health profession. It opened on February 21, 1828, and today is a dental museum. 

Drs. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A Drs. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris, first established the school of Dentistry in 1840 as the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. The first dental college in the world. 

الطبري (فردوس الحكمة) عبدوس (التذكرة) الرازي (الحاوي) علي بن العباس أبو القاسم الزهراوي ابن سينا