Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression

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Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression Michael D. Howell, PhD, Byung Eui Kim, MD, PhD, Peisong Gao, PhD, Audrey V. Grant, ScM, Mark Boguniewicz, MD, Anna DeBenedetto, PhD, Lynda Schneider, MD, Lisa A. Beck, MD, Kathleen C. Barnes, PhD, Donald Y.M. Leung, MD, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 124, Issue 3, Pages R7-R12 (September 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.012 Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Filaggrin deficiency in AD skin. RNA was isolated from the skin of normal subjects (n = 15) and patients with AD (n = 16) with or without the 2282del4 mutation. Filaggrin gene expression was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, R7-R12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.012) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Decreased filaggrin staining in AD skin. A, Representative paraffin embedded skin biopsies from normal subjects (n = 11), patients with AD (n = 12), patients with AD with the 2282del4 mutation (n = 3), and patients with lichen planus (n = 6) stained for filaggrin are shown. Images were collected at 40× magnification, and the scale bar represents 50 μm. B, The intensity of the staining was graded visually on a scale from 0 (no staining) to 5 (the most intense staining). ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, R7-R12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.012) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 TH2 cytokines downregulate filaggrin gene expression. Primary human keratinocytes were cultured in 0.06 or 1.3 mmol/L CaCl2 in the presence and absence of IL-4 and IL-13 or IFN-γ for 5 days. RNA was collected from the cells, and the levels of filaggrin were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR (A) or immuno-dot-blot (B and C). ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001 between exposure groups. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2009 124, R7-R12DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.012) Copyright © 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions