Expansion and Containment

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Presentation transcript:

Expansion and Containment TOP TEN THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW

1 What is it? Trying to expand your sphere of influence and attempt to stop the spread of influence of your opponent E.g. Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Iran, Afghanistan

Classic example: Germany 2 Classic example: Germany End of WW II – Yalta and Postdam Decision made to break Germany into 4 zones controlled by USA, USSR, France and Britain Berlin in Soviet sector also broken into 4 zones

3 1948 Berlin Airlift Stalin annoyed with transportation going through his zone to bring supplies to Berlin Blocks all access routes Allies fly in all supplies for a year Stalin gives up

Result of Berlin Airlift 4 Result of Berlin Airlift Increase tensions Weakened Stalin Solidify support for Truman Doctrine NATO – main goal: contain Soviet influence “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures… I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.” (President Truman 1947)

Marshall Plan label

5 By 1961 Division become permanent West Germany (US, Britain and France sectors) – Federal Republic of Germany 60 million, prosperous East Germany (USSR) – Germany Democratic Republic 16 million, stagnating = 10,000/week migrating to West Germany, often through Berlin

Berlin Wall (literal containment) 6 Berlin Wall (literal containment) Boundary of French, British and US sectors blocked off overnight Eventually wall is built Escape attempts – increased security around wall

7 German impressions Frustrated they are pawns in superpower conflict Increased tensions = stress Indoctrination = difficulty adjusting when unified

8 1987 Reagan “Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall” Gorbachev Glasnost, perestroika Embroiled in local issues, war in Afghanistan

9 1989 East German government begins lifting restrictions on travel across borders Gov. official mis-speaks at press conference and people flood to gates to cross border That night start tearing down the wall Soldiers don’t know what to do

10 1990 Germany reunified under its own government Today a major world power