Impact of IoT/AI in Agriculture Raunaque M Quaiser raunaque.quaiser@st.com

Why IoT / AI in Agriculture ? India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world's population Effect of Climate change has deeper impact on agriculture Arable land has come down over the years Several studies have indicated use of technology to improve the yield Population in India (million) Arable land in India (sq km) source : tradingeconomics.com

Market Reports According to the new market research report "Smart Agriculture Market by Hardware and Network Platform (GPS/GNSS Devices, Sensor Monitoring Systems, and Gateway/Router), Service (Connectivity, System Integrator, Supply Chain Management), Software, Application, and Geography -  Global Forecast to 2022", the smart agriculture market is estimated to reach USD 18.45 Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 13.8% between 2016 and 2022 The factors which are driving the Smart agriculture market include the increasing adoption of technology in agriculture, global increase in the food demand, and assistance in monitoring livestock performance and health

Challenges Most of the farmers have limited literacy As the climate is changing rapidly, our farmers need to be updated Soil richness is deteriorating because of inappropriate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides Most optimal use of water and other resources Generic fertilizers used for all types of soils

Where IoT can be used ? Monitoring Irrigation Automation Monitoring of temperature, soil moisture with sensors Use fertilizers when necessary and of correct type according to crop and soil Facts based decision Irrigation Watering the fields based on soil moisture Amount of water to be released Remotely operated irrigation system Automation Automation with the use of sensors and IoT Technology Drone based survey of fields Improved harvesting techniques for crop readiness and detection Image source :www.easternpeak.com

Which technologies (1/2) ? There are different sensors and communication technologies are available so it becomes challenge to identify the relevant ones Low Power Communication Technologies LoRA : Long Range, Deep indoor coverage and Star Network Topology SigFox : Long Range, Lightweight protocol and Star Network Topology NB-IoT : Long Range, Wide area coverage , Tower based or Start Topology BLE-Mesh : Short Range, Personal Area network and Local Area network , Point to Point, One to Many and Mesh Topology ZigBee : Short Range, Point to Point, One to Many and Mesh Topology Sigfox and LoRaWAN excel on network capacity, devices lifetime, and cost while NB-IoT excels in quality of service and latency BLE radios are available on mobile phone which is a competitive edge for BLE over ZigBee

Which technologies (2/2) ? There are different types of sensor Generic sensors such as Temperature, Humidity and Moisture sensors Specific Sensors for macro-nutrients such as NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium) Air temperature, humidity, light, soil temperature and soil moisture are primary concerns for smaller farmers Motion sensors, GPS during the harvesting of the crops

How IoT can be used? Edge Nodes : devices, nodes, and sensors that are actually placed in the farm land, fields, orchards that actually collects the data and sends over one of the connectivity technologies Gateway : Physical hardware or piece of software on Mobile that allows data to transmit from the sensory device to the platform. The gateway can be assumed to be a data concentrator with improved network performance Apps : Mobile Apps that allows the end user to view the data and take fact based decision Security : SW/HW that protects your data as they are transmitted between nodes and gateway

AI in Agriculture The next leap in Smart Agriculture will involve data collection and analysis The installation of IoT devices will helps to accumulate and gather real time data Analysis of data will lead to early predictions and mitigation plans The amalgamation of IoT/AI will help to produce more with the same resources efficiently and effectively

Example Apps and Portal Soil report Sensor node put in Soil Block diagram of setup Apps and Portal Soil report Sensor node put in Soil

Way Forward Promotion of the efficacy of technologies in the field of Agriculture as it is still in the nascent stage Educating farmers for adopting these technologies More hardware and software solutions in this field Standardization and Interoperability of technologies

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