History of the English Language Lesson 4

Review Where did English begin? England When did English begin? 400 AD

Review Who are some of the groups who influenced our language during the Old English Layer? Celts, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings What specific people influenced our language during the Old English Layer? St. Augustine and Alfred the Great

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words)

Review What languages influenced Middle English? Anglo-Saxon, Latin, Greek, and French What events impacted Middle English? The Norman Conquest, the Renaissance, the Great Vowel Shift, the printing press, William Shakespeare

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words) Middle English 1100-1600 AD 1066 AD - William the Conqueror The Battle of Hastings 1300-1500 AD - The Renaissance 1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift 1476 - The printing press 1623 - William Shakespeare Government - chancellor, liberty Religion - communion, miracle Court - judge, evidence, prison Literature - poet, grammar ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special pt and ct - adapt, direct multisyllabic words (long words)

Invention of the Printing Press Early Modern English began around 1500 AD with the invention of the printing press and lasted throughout the Renaissance. The use of the printing press demanded a more standard way of written and spoken communication.

Early Modern English 1500 - 1800

How did the English language come to America? Explorers, traders, missionaries, and settlers came to the New World…...America. They brought words from their own languages to add to the English language. As the New World grew, so did the American English language.

1620 The Mayflower arrives in Cape Cod carrying the first of 2500 settlers from England. Each group of settlers in the New World added to the English language.

Many phrases we use today actually come from Middle English or Early Modern English. I guess instead of I think gotten instead of got mad instead of angry fall instead of autumn

1700’s British traders, missionaries, and explorers added new words to the English language as they explored and colonized in different parts of the world. Many settlers came from different parts of the world and colonized what is now known as the United States of America.

1776 Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence freeing the United States from British rule. American English language continued to change and become very different from the English of Britain.

aMERICAN wORDS FROM OTHER LANGUAGES Native American racoon skunk Alabama Spanish mustang coyote lasso Dutch cookie coleslaw boss Italian pasta pizza mafia Yiddish kosher scram Enjoy! German hoodlam pretzel delicatessen African canary banana yam Indian sugar jungle cashmere

Modern English 1800 - Present

1828 - Webster published the American English Dictionary. 1860 - The Industrial Revolution made Britain the leader of all countries in trade.

1884 - The British needed a new dictionary to describe all the new words in the language, so the New English Dictionary was compiled. 1900’s - The British Empire crumbled, but the language remained strong because of electronic communication.

1922 - British Broadcasting Corporation opened and broadcast to the world in English. 1900’s - Many new words that were once slang officially became a part of our language as they appear in the dictionary: jazz, supermarket, cappuccino, hippie, disco, microchip, punk, smiley, beatbox, bling. 1972 - The first network e-mail, written in English, connected the world. 1991 - The World Wide Web changed communication forever. Most of the information on the internet appears in English.

Present Time English continues to change under the influences of other cultures and people, new inventions, slang, scientific discoveries, literature, science, and medicine.

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words) Middle English 1100-1600 AD 1066 AD - William the Conqueror The Battle of Hastings 1300-1500 AD - The Renaissance 1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift 1476 - The printing press 1623 - William Shakespeare Government - chancellor, liberty Religion - communion, miracle Court - judge, evidence, prison Literature - poet, grammar ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special pt and ct - adapt, direct multisyllabic words (long words) Early Modern English (Shakespeare)

Modern English Language Layers Anglo-Saxon 20-25% French/Latin (Romance) 60% Greek 10-12% (Other 3-4%) Old English 400-1100 AD 400 AD - Celts 450 AD - Anglo-Saxon 597 AD - St. Augustine 787 AD - Vikings 878 AD - Alfred the Great Words Days of the week - Tuesday Numbers - 1-1000 Colors - red, blue Family - mother, father Animals - deer, sheep Religion - deacon, angel one syllable (short words) Middle English 1100-1600 AD 1066 AD - William the Conqueror The Battle of Hastings 1300-1500 AD - The Renaissance 1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift 1476 - The printing press 1623 - William Shakespeare Government - chancellor, liberty Religion - communion, miracle Court - judge, evidence, prison Literature - poet, grammar ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special pt and ct - adapt, direct multisyllabic words (long words) Early Modern English 1500 - 1800 Modern English 1800 - present Printing press Technical - telephone, photograph Medical - thermometer, cardiology Scientific- chemistry, atmosphere ph = (f) - graph, phase ch = (k) - chorus, Chrome y = (ĭ) = gym, sympathy

Review How did the English language come to America? Traders, missionaries, explorers, settlers, and pioneers Why does Modern English continue to change today? Other cultures, new inventions, slang, scientific discoveries, literature, technology, and medicine