Raluca Ionescu-Ittu, MS, Andrew S

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Valvular Operations in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Increasing Rates From 1988 to 2005  Raluca Ionescu-Ittu, MS, Andrew S. Mackie, MD, SM, Michal Abrahamowicz, PhD, Louise Pilote, MD, PhD, Christo Tchervenkov, MD, Giuseppe Martucci, MD, Ariane J. Marelli, MD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 90, Issue 5, Pages 1563-1569 (November 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.017 Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Surgical operations volumes in children and adults in three periods: 1988 to 1993 (period 1), 1994 to 1999 (period 2), and 2000 to 2005 (period 3). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 90, 1563-1569DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.017) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Temporal trends in the relative frequency of cardiac surgery subtypes in adults (A) and children (B). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 90, 1563-1569DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.017) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Complexity of congenital (A), valvular and aortic, and noncongenital (B) surgical operations in children and adults from 1998 to 2005. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 90, 1563-1569DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.017) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Temporal trends in the rates of cardiac (congenital, valvular and aortic, and noncongenital) surgical operations in adults. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 90, 1563-1569DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.017) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Stratified analysis of change in surgical rates from 1988 to 1993 (period 1) and 2000 to 2005 (period 3) by age group, severity of congenital heart disease (CHD), and surgery subtype. RR (represent rate) ratios comparing the late period 2000 to 2005 versus the early period 1988 to 1993 in subgroups defined above when RR is less than 1, the rate of surgical operations decreased from the early to the late period; when RR is greater than 1 the rate of surgical operations increased from the early to the late period. A confidence interval (CI) that crosses 1 is not statistically significant at p less than 0.05. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2010 90, 1563-1569DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.07.017) Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions