Addition of α-Ketoglutarate to Blood Cardioplegia Improves Cardioprotection Ulf W. Kjellman, MD, Kerstin Björk, ECCP, Rolf Ekroth, MD, PhD, Hans Karlsson,

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Addition of α-Ketoglutarate to Blood Cardioplegia Improves Cardioprotection Ulf W. Kjellman, MD, Kerstin Björk, ECCP, Rolf Ekroth, MD, PhD, Hans Karlsson, ECCP, Rudolf Jagenburg, MD, PhD, Folke N. Nilsson, MD, PhD, Gunnar Svensson, MD, PhD, Jan Wernerman, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 63, Issue 6, Pages 1625-1633 (June 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00213-0

Fig. 1 Myocardial oxygen extraction (Ox.extr.) calculated as percent of arterial oxygen content (means ± SEM) during cold and warm blood cardioplegia (BCP), and 30 minutes after declamping of the aorta (REP +30 min). Filled circles represent α-ketoglutarate–treated patients and open circles represent control patients. Significance level of the group factor (two-way analysis of variance) during cardioplegia is given, and significance level according to the Mann-Whitney U test (30 minutes after declamping of the aorta). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1625-1633DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00213-0)

Fig. 2 Arterial creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK MB; means ± SEM) up to 4 hours after declamping of the ascending aorta (REP). Filled circles represent α-ketoglutarate–treated patients and open circles represent control patients. Significance level of the group factor is given (two-way analysis of variance). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1625-1633DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00213-0)

Fig. 3 Arterial troponin T (TNT; means ± SEM) up to 4 hours after declamping of the ascending aorta (REP). Filled circles represent α-ketoglutarate–treated patients and open circles represent control patients. Significance level of the group factor is given (two-way analysis of variance). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1625-1633DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00213-0)