Understanding Culture Chapter 3.1 Understanding Culture

What is Culture? Culture-the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs A culture is comprised of 8 elements

What is Culture? Social groups- e.g. rich, poor, and middle classes Ethnic groups- people who share a common history, language, religion, and physical characteristics

What is Culture? Language- e.g. English, French, Spanish Dialect- local form of a language that differs from the same language in other areas The most unifying force for a group of people

What is Culture? Religion- e.g. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism Gives people meaning Helps to define right vs. wrong Helps shape different areas of the world

What is Culture? Christianity Christians believe that Jesus Christ was sent to Earth and died on a cross to save humanity.

What is Culture? Buddhism To escape suffering, people must follow the eightfold path (rules that lead to morality and wisdom) which leads to a blissful state (nirvana)

What is Culture? Hinduism Believe in reincarnation (after death the soul is reborn)

What is Culture? Islam Believe in one God, Allah Follow the teachings of the Quran (Koran) Of which the teachings Muhammad said were revealed to him by Allah

What is Culture? Judaism Believe in one God, Yahweh By following God’s laws in the Torah (first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible) Jews believe they will have peace with God and one another

What is Culture? Daily Life- e.g. how people eat, what foods they eat, clothes, and where they live

What is Culture? History- shapes how we view the world Holidays/celebrations Major world events like WWII Victories/defeats Heroes Major disasters

What is Culture? Arts- e.g. painting, sculptures, architecture, dance, music, theater

What is Culture? Government- creates rules and laws Democracy- powers rest with the people of the nation Dictatorship- absolute rule by a dictator who usually assumes power by force Monarchy- kings or queens are born into a ruling family and inherit their power to rule

What is Culture? Economy- how people in society earn a living

What is Culture? Cultural diffusion- spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures Culture region- different countries that have common traits e.g. economies, governments, social groups

Chapter 3.2 Population Patterns

Population Patterns Death rate- number of people out of 1,000 who die each year Birthrate- number of people born each year for every 1,000 people

Population Patterns Since 1950, world food production has increased faster than population on all continents except Africa Famine- lack of food

Population Patterns Population distribution- where do you want to live? Population density- average number of people living in a square mile or kilometer (p.88 & 89)

Population Patterns Urbanization- movement from farms and villages to cities Emigrate- exit/leave the country where you are born and move to another Immigrate-move into a country Refugees- people who flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster

Resources and World Trade Chapter 3.3 Resources and World Trade

Resources and World Trade Natural resources- products of the earth that people use to meet their needs Renewable resources- cannot be used up or can be replaced naturally Nonrenewable resources- minerals found within the earth that cannot be replaced Coal, oil

Resources and World Trade Economic systems- sets rules for deciding what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who receives them

Resources and World Trade 4 types of economic systems (page 94) Traditional- based on customs handed down from generation to generation Command- government makes all decisions Market- individuals make decisions about what & how to produce Mixed- aspects of 2 of the above

Resources and World Trade Export- trade TO other countries/goods exit Import- buy FROM another country/goods come into

Resources and World Trade Barriers to trade Tariff- tax added to the price of goods that are imported Quota- number limit on how many items can be imported from another country

Resources and World Trade Free Trade- removing trade barriers so that goods flow freely among countries NAFTA, EU

Resources and World Trade Differences in Development Developed countries- countries that have a great deal of manufacturing Developing countries- still working toward industrialization Underdeveloped-countries with little or no industrialization

Development of Countries Around the World Dark Navy: Most developed countries *The lighter the color, the less developed.

Technology Shrinks the World Chapter 3.4 Technology Shrinks the World

Effects of Technology Information revolution- people can talk instantly with others practically everywhere on earth

Effects of Technology Transportation technology Communication technology

Globalization Civic participation- being an involved citizen Rights- benefits and protections guaranteed to you by law Responsibilities- duties you owe to other citizens and your government

Globalization Interdependence- countries depend on one another for goods, materials, and the markets in which to sell goods Globalization- development of a WORLD culture and interdependent economy