Mitochondria in innate immunity

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Mitochondria in innate immunity Mitochondrial dynamics and innate immunity. In the mitochondrial outer membrane, MAVS interacts with both MFN1 and MFN2. MFN2 is a direct MAVS inhibitor. RLR activation induces MAVS oligomerization, which recruits TRAF3 and other E3 ubiquitin ligases that catalyse Lys 63 polyubiquitination of target proteins, including TRAF3. Polyubiquitin chains recruit TANK and NEMO, which in turn bind and activate TBK1, leading to the phosphorylation of IRF3. Simultaneously, MFN1 leads to the redistribution of MAVS along mitochondria and a fusion of the mitochondrial network that promotes the interaction between MAVS and STING. Low Δψm or decreased ROS inhibit MAVS‐mediated signalling. Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; IRF, interferon response factor; MAVS, mitochondria‐associated viral sensor; MFN, mitofusin; NEMO, NF‐κB essential modifier; RLR, RIG‐I‐like receptor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; STING, stimulator of interferon genes; TANK, TRAF family member‐associated NF‐κB activator; TBK, TAK1‐associated binding protein; TRAF, TNF‐receptor‐associated factor. IF THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY OR IS OWNED BY A THIRD PARTY, AS INDICATED IN THE CAPTION LINE, THEN FURTHER PERMISSION MAY BE NEEDED BEFORE ANY FURTHER USE. PLEASE CONTACT WILEY'S PERMISSIONS DEPARTMENT ON PERMISSIONS@WILEY.COM OR USE THE RIGHTSLINK SERVICE BY CLICKING ON THE 'REQUEST PERMISSIONS' LINK ACCOMPANYING THIS ARTICLE. WILEY OR AUTHOR OWNED IMAGES MAY BE USED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, SUBJECT TO PROPER CITATION OF THE ARTICLE, AUTHOR, AND PUBLISHER. EMBO Rep, Volume: 12, Issue: 9, Pages: 901-910, First published: 29 July 2011, DOI: (10.1038/embor.2011.157)