Hiroko Saito Akei, Anil Mishra, Carine Blanchard, Marc E. Rothenberg

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Epicutaneous Antigen Exposure Primes for Experimental Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Mice Hiroko Saito Akei, Anil Mishra, Carine Blanchard, Marc E. Rothenberg Gastroenterology Volume 129, Issue 3, Pages 985-994 (September 2005) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027 Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Esophageal eosinophilia in epicutaneously sensitized mice. (A) The eosinophil level in the esophagus of mice sensitized with OVA or A fumigatus (+) or control vehicle (−). Mice were exposed to epicutaneous antigen for 1 week; following a rest period of 2 weeks, this procedure was repeated over the course of 7 weeks (OVA) and 4 weeks (A fumigatus). Two days following the last day of epicutaneous antigen exposure, mice were exposed to intranasal allergen or control saline (SAL). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM with 8 mice/group. **P < .01 compared with control or saline group. (B) Eosinophils were identified by immunostaining with anti–major basic protein. Representative eosinophils are indicated by arrows. Significant eosinophilia was observed in the OVA group but not in the control group. Eosinophils were observed mainly in the lamina propria (LP), but occasional eosinophils were observed in epithelial (E) or muscle layers (M). L, lumen. (Original magnification: upper figures, 100×; lower figure, 400×.) Gastroenterology 2005 129, 985-994DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Kinetic analysis of eosinophil accumulation in the (A) lung and (B) esophagus following epicutaneous antigen sensitization. Two days following the last day of epicutaneous antigen exposure, mice were exposed to intranasal allergen or control saline, and the level of eosinophils was kinetically determined for both the OVA (closed circles) and A fumigatus (open circles) groups. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 compared with control group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5–8 mice per condition. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 985-994DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Epicutaneous antigen-induced eosinophilopoiesis. (A) The eosinophil count in the bone marrow was assessed by differential staining following OVA or control sensitization. (B) Eosinophil development in methylcellulose in ex vivo cultures after 50 days from the initial antigen sensitization. (C) The level of eosinophils in the peripheral blood during the first 50 days of epicutaneous OVA (closed squares) or control saline (open squares) exposure is shown. *P < .05 compared with the saline group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 8 mice per condition. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 985-994DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Esophageal eosinophil levels in Th2 cytokine-deficient mice. Epicutaneously sensitized mice were challenged with (A) control saline or OVA or (B) diluent control or A fumigatus. Mice were wild-type (WT) control or deficient in IL-5, IL-13, IL-4/IL-13, or STAT6 and analyzed after 29 and 50 days from the initial antigen sensitization for A fumigatus and OVA, respectively. *P < .05, **P < .01 compared with wild-type saline group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 8 mice per condition. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 985-994DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Blood and BALF eosinophil levels in Th2 cytokine-deficient mice. (A) Blood eosinophil levels were measured 24 hours after the end of epicutaneous sensitization. (B) Two days after the end of epicutaneous sensitization, mice were challenged with control saline or OVA and eosinophil levels were measured in the BALF 24 hours after one intranasal OVA challenge. Mice were wild-type (WT) control or deficient in IL-5, IL-13, IL-4/IL-13, or STAT6. **P < .01, ***P < .001 compared with wild-type saline group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 8 mice per condition. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 985-994DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Systemic Th2 responses in epicutaneously sensitized Th2 cytokine-deficient mice. (A) OVA-specific IgG1 and (B) IgE levels were measured 24 hours after the end of epicutaneous sensitization. Mice were wild-type (WT) control or deficient in IL-5, IL-13, IL-4/IL-13, or STAT6. **P < .01, ***P < .001 compared with wild-type saline group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 8 mice per condition. LD, lower than detection limit. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 985-994DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.027) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions