PEST OF BEVERAGE CROPS

COCOA

Conopomorpha cramerella cocoa pod borer Moth: Gracillariidae small lay eggs on pods surface larvae bore into pods

biji melekat assl. ( by the tunnelling) feed on tissue surrounding beans (biji) control: bungkus buah, regula and early harvesting, guna perangkap feromon, synthetic pyrethroid/

Helopeltis spp. Hemiptera: Miridae damage: nymph & adult suck sap from pods and shoots (pucuk) Circular spot, gradually change from pale to dark brown Daun kecut/keronyok(shrivel)

COFFEE

Hypothenemus hampei Coleoptera:Scolytidae Pengorek buah kopi Betina korek lubang dalam kopi dan bertelur Larva makan biji kopi

Simptom: biji tukar jadi hitam, biji muda akan dijangkit fungus dan jatuh Control: the best way is prevention careful inspection of the coffee beans before leaving the coffee faros to avoid spreading of the insects Endosulfan, dieldrin 0.1% Biocontrol: semut, braconids (wasp)

Cephonodes hylas Moth: Shpingidae Sayap transparent Larvae makan daun Control: hand collecting if infestation low Use dieldrin 0.1 %

TEA

Zeuzera coffeae Moth: Cossidae Eggs laid on stem (batang) Damage; larvae Simptoms: alam batang berlubang Pada bukaan lubang, cecair melekit Control: cantas&bakar paradichlorobenzene

PEST OF VEGETABLES

Plutella xylostella Moth:Yponomeutidae Diomond backmoth Kobis (Crucifer) Larvae cause serious damage Simptom: lace-like pattern Control: use Bacillus thuringiensis, Parasitoid: Diadegma insularae (Ichneumonidae), metamidophos

Phylotretta spp Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Kumbang lenting/ flea beetle Crucifer (cauliflower, cabbage, bok choy, broccoli) First pest to appear coz attack seedlings Eggs hatch, larvae move to soil, feed roots and seedling Adult feed on leaf Many tiny holes on the leaf Control: crop rotation trichlorphon

Phylotreta cruciferae

Aulacophora spp. Coleoptera: chrysomelidae Cucurbits (cucumber, melon, w.melon, pumpkin etc) Larva feeds on roots, adult feed on green material (chlorophyll) of the leaves, leaving white or yellow patches on the leaves. If the attack is serious the pests will completely destroy the leaves.

Control: Fenitrothion, Dimethoate

Epilachna indica Coleoptera: Coccinelidae (ladybird) cucurbit Larva dan adult eat makan daun Feed on upper epidermis, resulting in transparent marking Control: Rotenone, Dimethoate

Maruca testulalis Moth: Pyralidae Pengorek kacang panjang Egg laid on the flower Larvae feeds of flower and later bore the bean pod Flowers discolor/damage Pods have small darkened entry holes on the surface and borers inside. Leaves and pods are stuck together by webbing and show signs of surface feeding.

Control: endosulfan, carbaryl

Leucinodes orbonalis Moth: Pyralidae Bore the shoot and fruit of brinjal/eggplant dan buah terung The young shoots wilt and die, and if they are cut open it will be seen that they have been bored. Affected fruits have holes in them, and when they are cut open the pinkish or reddish caterpillars may be inside.

Control: Affected fruits and shoots should be removed and destroyed Pesticide:Nuvacron, carbaryl

Bactrocera spp Diptera:Tephritidae Fruitflies Cucumber The stings, produced by the act of oviposition by the female flies, cause black spots on the cucurbit fruits The maggots feed inside the fruits leaving brown patches on the skin. seriously damaged by the tunnelling activity of the larvae, infested fruits usually fall to the ground. If the fruits are cut open many white maggots will be found inside

Control; wrap the vege./fruit Infested vege/fruits should be destroyed

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