Modern World History Aggressors Invade Nations Chapter 15, Section 4

Agenda To Get: To Do: Guided notes from the back shelf Opener: Review Lecture: Aggressors Invade Nations - Europe Activities: Winston Churchill Quote 20TH Century Video and Quiz

Opener Review: What country was the first to violate the conditions of the League of Nations? Some historians consider the start of WWI to be in 1931 instead of 1939 – what action makes 1931 significant? Why did the country from answer #1 want to expand its borders? What did Mao Zedong do that made him a popular leader of China following WWII? Explain the meaning of the image:

1. European Aggressors March League’s failure to stop the Japanese encouraged European Fascists to plan aggression of their own Mussolini dreamed of building an Italian colonial empire in Africa like Britain and France Hitler and Stalin wanted to expand territory of Germany and Russia

2. Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia Ethiopia had remained independent Mussolini attacked to avenge failed colony of the 1890s The Ethiopian emperor, Haile Selassie, urgently appealed to the League for help The League condemned the attack, but did nothing Britain controlled the Suez Canal but allowed Italy access to keep the peace

3. Hitler Defies Treaty of Versailles Hitler had pledged to undo Treaty of Versailles limited size of German army March 1935 - announced they would not obey restrictions League issued a mild condemnation Hitler then re-militarized the Rhineland which was supposed to be a buffer between France and Germany

4. Re-arming the Rhineland Major turning point in the march toward war strengthened Hitler’s power and prestige within Germany balance of power changed in Germany’s favor France and Belgium were now open to attack weak response by France and Britain encouraged Hitler to speed up his expansion France

5. Appeasing the Axis Powers However stunned by German actions, French and British were unwilling to risk war, instead they followed the route of appeasement – giving in to an aggressor to keep peace Hitler’s growing strength convinced Mussolini that he should seek an alliance with Germany October 1936, both dictators reached an agreement known as the Rome-Berlin Axis, of which later Japan joined = Axis Powers

Spanish Civil War lasted for three years 6. Civil War in Spain Spain remained a monarchy until 1931, when a republic was declared and the government, run by liberals and Socialists July 1936, army leaders, favoring a Fascist-style government, joined General Francisco Franco in a revolt Spanish Civil War lasted for three years Francisco Franco

7. Foreign Aid: Spanish Civil War Hitler and Mussolini sent troops, tanks, and airplanes to help Franco’s Nationalist forces The armed forces of the Republicans received little help from abroad Western democracies remained neutral Only Soviet Union sent equipment and advisers International volunteers fought on the Republican side 1939, Republican resistance collapsed and Franco became Spain’s Fascist dictator

8. Democratic Nations Try to Preserve Peace In the 1930s, Britain and France repeatedly made concessions, hoping to keep peace, rather than risk war with Fascist aggression Both nations were dealing with serious economic problems as a result of the Great Depression Horrors of World War I created a deep desire to avoid war

9. U.S. Follows an Isolationist Policy Many Americans supported isolationism, the belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided. Isolationists argued that entry into World War I had been a costly error Beginning in 1935, Congress passed three Neutrality Acts, which banned loans and the sale of arms to nations at war

10. German Reich Expands November 5, 1937, Hitler announces plans to absorb Austria and Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich , or German Empire Treaty of Versailles prohibited union between Austria and Germany Many Austrians supported unity with Germany March 1938, Hitler sent army to annex Austria France and Britain ignored their pledge to protect Austrian independence

This area formed the Czechs’ main defense against Germany 11. Czechoslovakia 3 million German-speaking people lived in the western border regions - Sudetenland This area formed the Czechs’ main defense against Germany Hitler stoked pro-Nazi feelings among Sudeten Germans September 1938, Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland be given to Germany; Czechs refused and appealed to France for help AUSTRIA

12. Munich Conference September 29, 1938 Mussolini proposed a meeting of Germany, France, Britain, and Italy in Munich, Germany; Czechs were not invited British PM, Neville Chamberlain, believed he could preserve peace by giving in to Hitler’s demand Britain and France agreed that Hitler could take the Sudetenland In exchange, Hitler pledged to respect Czechoslovakia’s new borders

13. Britain and France Again Choose Appeasement Chamberlain boasted, “I believe it is peace for our time.” Winston Churchill, then a member of Parliament, strongly disagreed with appeasement and warned of its consequences: “We are in the presence of a disaster of the first magnitude. . . . we have sustained a defeat without a war. . . . And do not suppose that this is the end. . . . This is only the first sip, the first foretaste of a bitter cup which will be proffered to us year by year unless, by a supreme recovery of moral health and martial vigor, we arise again and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time.” WINSTON CHURCHILL, speech before the House of Commons, October 5, 1938

14. Germany Takes Czechoslovakia 6 months after the Munich meeting, Hitler took Czechoslovakia Mussolini seized Albania Hitler demanded that Poland return the former German port of Danzig Poles refused and turned to Britain and France for aid Appeasement had convinced Hitler that neither nation would risk war

Video Questions America in the 20th Century World War II: The Road to War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFour-Ghdhs http://mediarichlearning.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/TG_20THC_WWII_ROAD_TO_WAR_20.pdf