Tissues Chapter 4.

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Presentation transcript:

Tissues Chapter 4

Outline Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristems Lateral Meristems Intercalary Meristems Simple Tissues Complex Tissues

Meristematic Tissues Meristems - Permanent regions of active cell division. Apical Meristems - Found at the tips of roots and shoots. Increase in length as the apical meristems produce new cells (primary growth). Primary Meristems Protoderm Ground Meristem Procambium

Meristematic Tissues Lateral Meristems - Produce tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems. Secondary Growth Vascular Cambium - Produces secondary tissues that function primarily in support and conduction. Thin cylindrical cells. Cork Cambium - Lies outside vascular cambium just inside the outer bark.

Meristematic Tissues Grasses and related plants do not have vascular cambium or cork cambium, but do have apical meristems in the vicinity of the nodes. Intercalary meristems Develop at intervals along stems where they add to stem length.

Tissues Produced By Meristems Simple Tissues Parenchyma - Composed of parenchyma cells. Tend to have large vacuoles and many contain various secretions. Aerenchyma - Parenchyma tissue with extensive connected air spaces. Chlorenchyma - Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts.

Simple Tissues Collenchyma - Contain living cytoplasm and may live an extended time. Provide flexible support for organs. Sclerenchyma - Cells with thick, tough, secondary walls, normally impregnated with lignin. Sclerids - Stone Cells Fibers - Contain Lumen

Complex Tissues Complex tissues are made up of two or more cell types. Xylem - Chief conducting tissue for water and minerals absorbed by the roots. Vessels - Made of vessel elements. Long tubes open at each end. Tracheids - Tapered at the ends with pits that allow water passage between cells. Rays - Lateral conduction.

Complex Tissues Phloem - Conducts dissolved food materials produced by photosynthesis throughout the plant. Sieve Tube Members - Large, cylindrical Sieve Plates - Porous region Companion Cells - Narrow, tapered

Complex Tissues Epidermis - Outermost layer of cells. One cell thick Most secrete fatty substance, cutin, on the surface of the outer walls. Forms cuticle. Root epidermal cells produce root hairs. Leaves have stomata bordered by pairs of guard cells.

Complex Tissues Periderm - Constitutes outer bark. Primarily composed of cork cells. Cytoplasm of corks cells secretes suberin into the walls. Some parts of cork cambium form loosely arranged pockets of parenchyma cells that protrude through the surface of the periderm. Lenticels

Complex Tissues Secretory Cells and Tissue Secretory cells may function individually or as part of a secretory tissue. Flower nectar Citrus oils Glandular hair mucilage Latex

Review Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristems Lateral Meristems Intercalary Meristems Simple Tissues Complex Tissues

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission Required for Reproduction or Display