School of Public & Environmental Affairs The Potential for an Intersection of REDD, Carbon Markets, and Community Forest Management in a Post-Kyoto International Climate Change Regime Erica Bramlet School of Public & Environmental Affairs bramlete@indiana.edu

Outline Why is this problem worth solving? REDD+ in its current form How carbon markets play into this Community forest management principles How it should all be combined & why this is the best method

Source: Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, 2006

Ecosystem Benefits Biodiversity Culture Maintains Watersheds Prevents global warming Prevents flooding & erosion

What is being done about it UNFCCC Parties 1992: Earth Summit, all voluntary 1997: Kyoto Protocol, binding global targets Annex 1 countries vs. non-Annex 1 countries How to account for forestry emissions? UN-REDD+ Offsets to preserve, not re-plant Other agencies (REDDiness)

Potential REDD+ funding mechanism Accounts for negative externalities The Market’s Role Potential REDD+ funding mechanism Accounts for negative externalities

Common Pool Resource Management Clearly Defined Boundaries Agreement between provision rules and local conditions Collective-choice arrangements Monitoring Graduated Sanctions Conflict resolution mechanisms Right to organize recognized by government

Putting It All Together REDD+ Community Forest Management Carbon Markets

Weighing Benefits & Risks National Approach Local Management/ National Accounting Approach High program failure costs Self-Monitoring Minimal leakage Direct incentives for sustainable management leading to local economic development High monitoring costs Corruption Forest bureaucracy may already be set up Weighing Benefits & Risks

Conclusion Trees act as Earth’s natural thermostat, along with many other benefits The Kyoto Protocol did not address deforestation, but the establishment of UN-REDD+ means it will probably be in the next global climate change agreement Proposed changes to make REDD+ work: Local stakeholders MUST be involved in management Utilize a carbon market to make the program financially independent from NGOs and responsive to market signals National governments should become more accountable for protecting property rights

Questions & Acknowledgements “We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.” -Aldo Leopold