Skeletal muscle ventricle aortic counterpulsation: function during chronic heart failure  Bhavik G Patel, MD, Sachin H Shah, MD, Lou I Astra, MD, Robert.

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Skeletal muscle ventricle aortic counterpulsation: function during chronic heart failure  Bhavik G Patel, MD, Sachin H Shah, MD, Lou I Astra, MD, Robert L Hammond, PhD, Zulfikar A Sharif, MD, Phillip J McDonald, Larry W Stephenson, MD  The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  Volume 73, Issue 2, Pages 588-593 (February 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03458-0

Fig 1 The skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV) aortic counterpulsator model. (ECG = electrocardiogram; PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 73, 588-593DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03458-0)

Fig. 2 Electrocardiographic (ECG), aortic pressure, and aortic root flow tracings from a typical dog after 7 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing). Conventional timing (A), and delayed contraction (B). Note the decrease in pre-systolic pressure, however with no effect on aortic root flow with the conventional timing. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 73, 588-593DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03458-0)

Fig 3 Electrocardiographic (ECG) and coronary blood flow (from the left anterior descending artery) tracings in a dog after 7 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing. Conventional timing (A), and delayed contraction (B). Note the reversal of coronary blood flow with the conventional timing (arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 73, 588-593DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03458-0)