What to Do and How to Do It Citing Sources What to Do and How to Do It

What we’re learning today… When to quote When to paraphrase How to incorporate sources How to do in-text citations

“Why should I care?” Citing increases your: Research quality Reasoning Reputation

Quote or paraphrase? A quote is something you take directly from the text “An apt quotation is like a lamp which flings its light over the whole sentence.” (Letitia Elizabeth Landon) Paraphrasing means putting it into your own words How would you explain what you read to someone else?

When to quote! When: You “can’t say it any better” The wording is perfect for what you need

When to paraphrase! When: You need it to be shorter You can “say it better” Quoting is not necessary

Incorporating Sources Three steps: Begin with author’s full name, who they are, and title of work Use the borrowed info End with in-text citation (page #, etc.)

Which information is borrowed?? Bad Example Which information is borrowed??

Good Example #1

Good Example #2

Good Example #3

In-Text Citations Books and Articles: give the page number (57) instead of (Stemmler 57) Websites: give the first few words of the web page title (Facts About Cooking) Put the period after the citation According to Stemmler, 30% of students fail each year (65).

Let’s do an example… Book title: Weiner Dogs 101 Author: Ms. Bishop, dog expert Borrowed info: “The dachshund is one of the top 10 breeds in the United States.” from p. 2

Example #2 Web page name: Facts About High Schoolers at Northwestern High School Author: Ms. Moore, teacher at Northwestern Borrowed info: “High school students really like to text and sleep in class.”

Review When should we quote? When should we paraphrase? Three steps to incorporate sources What goes in in-text citations? Book or article Website