CSE Style 8th Edition The Basics University of North Alabama Center for Writing Excellence Dr. Kat Richards Center for Writing Excellence University of North Alabama

Click the slide number to be taken to that section General Formatting…………………………………………..5 General Rules for References and In-text Citations...9 Name-Year System………………………………………….11 Citation-Sequence System………………………………..34 Citation-Name System………………………………….…55 Utilizing Sources………………………………………….….57 References……………………………………………………..63 Table of Contents

Today’s Goals Learn what CSE (Council of Science Editors) Documentation Style is, what it includes, and why it is important Learn about the standard CSE title page format Learn basic documentation for books, journals, and websites Learn the differences between methods of source integration: summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting Learn how to use signal phrases and in-text notes to avoid plagiarism

What is CSE Style? Why use it? Style provides guidelines for publication in all areas of science and related fields Style lends consistency and makes texts more readable by those who assess or publish them What is CSE Style? Why use it?

General Format

Formatting Guidelines Please check with your instructor about their requirements for the format of your paper (i.e., font, line spacing, headers, etc.). There are three different systems used in CSE. Ask your professor which system they prefer. For quick reference, here is where each system in explained. Formatting Guidelines

Include the paper title, your name, and any other important information, centered on the page Do not include a header or page number on the cover page Double spaced Cover Page

Header will include the title of the article or handout and the page number, starting with 2 Double spaced with one inch margins on all sides Center section headers like Abstract, Discussions, etc. End references will be started on a new page at the end of the paper. Body Pages

General Rules for References List and In-text Citations

General Rules for References List and In-text Citations All lines are flush with the left margin, no hanging indentations are used. Authors’ last names are listed first, then the first and middle initial (if given). No commas are used in between the last name and first initial. In addition, no periods are used in between initials. Example: Brown AC. Use all authors’ names if a work has up to ten authors listed. For a work with more than ten authors, list the first ten names followed by a comma and “et al.” Example: Brown MW, Keats EJ, Willems M, Lowry L, Sachar L, Rylant C, Collins S, London J, Tolkien JR, Bang M, et al. Titles of books and articles are not italicized, “placed within quotation marks”, or underlined. Only the first word of the title is capitalized, after that only proper names in the title are the only words that should be capitalized. Journal titles that consist of more than one word are abbreviated. All the words in the abbreviated title are capitalized. For a searchable database of journal abbreviations visit CASSI (http://cassi.cas.org/search.jsp), American Chemical Society’s Source Index search tool. Also, the National Library of Medicine has a list ofcommonly used journal abbreviations at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=citmed&part=a ppa Do not end the citation with a period if you include the URL. General Rules for References List and In-text Citations guides.highpoint.edu/cse

Name-Year System Referred to in the body of the paper using the in-text style. The in-text style for citations includes the author’s name and the year of publication within parentheses and the citations are listed alphabetically by the author’s surname in the end references page.

The reference list should be in alphabetical order by the first authors last name. If an organization is used for the author, or if a title is used in place of an author, include in the alphabetical list Organization

List the authors’ last names followed by their first and middle initial. Do not put spaces or any punctuation between the last name or the initials. Example Author AA, Author BB, Author CC Authors’ Names

Authors’ Names Continued One Author Author last name and first and middle initial Example Author AA. In-text citation (Author 2002) Two to Ten Authors Separate successive authors’ names with a comma Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD. In-text citations Two to three authors (Richards and Trzaskoma 2019) Three or more authors (Richards et al.) Authors’ Names Continued

Authors’ Names Continued More than Ten Authors List the first ten names listed, followed by “et al.” In-text Citation (Richards et al. 2019) No author Move the title to the authors’ position, before the date. The in-text citation will be the First word or first few words of the title followed by an ellipsis (…) and the year of publication (Handbook… 2000) Authors’ Names Continued

Multiple Citations by the Same Author On the end references, when citing multiple items by the same author(s), list those works in chronological order (oldest to newest) Multiple Citations by the Same Author

Organization/Group as Author When using an organization as the author name, you can use an abbreviation. Put the abbreviation in brackets so you can use it in your in-text citations. This abbreviation should be at the first part of the citation on the end reference Example [CDC] Centers for Disease Control Organization/Group as Author

Never italicize, underline, or bold titles of books or journals Never italicize, underline, or bold titles of books or journals. They will be written in flat text. See the respective sections of this PowerPoint for specifics on formatting titles for each type of source. Formatting Titles

Titles of Books and Articles When writing the title, only the first word and any proper nouns should be capitalized. Article titles should not be put in quotation marks Titles of Books and Articles

Abbreviate titles of any journal that are longer than one word Do not use any articles, conjunctions, or prepositions Do not use apostrophes Example New England Journal of Medicine ……… N Engl J Med Titles of Journals

Unlike journals, newspaper titles will not be abbreviated Unlike journals, newspaper titles will not be abbreviated. Write out the entire name of the newspaper. Newspapers

Include the page range for articles in journals, magazines, newspapers, and chapters of books. If an article appears on discontinuous pages, like in a newspaper, list all pages or page ranges, separated by commas Example 17-22, 48-57 For chapters in a book, use the abbreviation “p.” before the page numbers p. 15-28 Page Ranges

If there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation [date unknown] in its place For electronic publications such as website, use the update/revision date. This is usually found at the bottom of the webpage. No Date of Publication

Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles

Basic Format for Print Journals Author AA, Author BB Basic Format for Print Journals Author AA, Author BB. Date of publication. Article title. Journal Title. Volume(issue): Page numbers. Basic Format for Online Journals Author AA, Author BB. Date of publication. Article title. Journal Title. Volume(issue): Page numbers. Available from: URL DOI Basic Format

Books, Edited Books, and Book Chapters

Format for a Book Author AA, Author BB. Year. Title of book. Edition Format for a Book Author AA, Author BB. Year. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name. Format for an Edited Book Author AA, editor. Year. Title of book: subtitle of book. Edition. Place of publication (State or province). Format for a Chapter in an Edited Book Author AA, Author BB. Year. Title of chapter. In: Author XX, Author YY, Author ZZ, editors. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name. Note that the in-text citation for a chapter in an edited book will list the author(s) of the chapter, not the book. Basic Format

Web Documents

Title of homepage [Internet]. Date of publication Title of homepage [Internet]. Date of publication. Place of publication: Publisher; [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL Webpage with an Author Author AA, Author BB. [Internet]. Year. Webpage title. Publisher; [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL Basic Format

Audiovisual Sources

Video Clip from the Internet Author AA, Author BB. Year Video Clip from the Internet Author AA, Author BB. Year. Title [Internet]. Publisher; [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL Motion Picture Author AA, producer/director. Year. Title of motion picture; subtitle. [video disc; videocassette] Publisher. Number of discs: Length, sound, color, size. Use videocassette for VHS tapes and videodisc for DVDs Basic Format

Personal Communication

Personal Communication For personal communication, you will cite it as an in- text citation. It will nit be included on the references list. CSE recommends placing them within the body of the paper in a Notes section. In-text citation …although this is not an easy thing to do (2008 letter from S Neifer to me), it is well worth the effort. Basic Format

Citation-Sequence System Superscripted numbers are inserted at the point of reference as in the citation-sequence system. However, the citations are numbered according to the alphabetical listing by author’s last name of cited works in the end reference page.

General Guidelines and Organization In the citation-sequence system, numbers are used in the text to refer to the end references. The numbers are ordered in the sequence in which they appear. So for example if Qubein is your first reference cited then it will appear Qubein1 and the full reference will appear after the number 1 in the bibliography. It is possible to cite more than one reference within one sentence by using a superscript sequence of numbers2,3. If a reference is repeated in the text use the same number for the reference. General Guidelines and Organization guides.highpoint.edu/cse

List the authors’ last names followed by their first and middle initial. Do not put spaces or any punctuation between the last name or the initials. Example Author AA, Author BB, Author CC Authors’ Names

Authors’ Names Continued One Author Author last name and first and middle initial Example Author AA. Two to Ten Authors Separate successive authors’ names with a comma Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD. Authors’ Names Continued

Authors’ Names Continued More than Ten Authors List the first ten names listed, followed by “et al.” No author Move the title to the authors’ position, before the date. Authors’ Names Continued

Organization/Group as Author When using an organization as the author name, you can use an abbreviation. Put the abbreviation in brackets so you can use it in your in-text citations. This abbreviation should be at the first part of the citation on the end reference Example [CDC] Centers for Disease Control Organization/Group as Author

Never italicize, underline, or bold titles of books or journals Never italicize, underline, or bold titles of books or journals. They will be written in flat text. See the respective sections of this PowerPoint for specifics on formatting titles for each type of source. Formatting Titles

Titles of Books and Articles When writing the title, only the first word and any proper nouns should be capitalized. Article titles should not be put in quotation marks Titles of Books and Articles

Abbreviate titles of any journal that are longer than one word Do not use any articles, conjunctions, or prepositions Do not use apostrophes Example New England Journal of Medicine ……… N Engl J Med A list of abbreviations can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book= citmed&part=appa Titles of Journals

Unlike journals, newspaper titles will not be abbreviated Unlike journals, newspaper titles will not be abbreviated. Write out the entire name of the newspaper. Newspapers

If there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation [date unknown] in its place For electronic publications such as website, use the update/revision date. This is usually found at the bottom of the webpage. No Date of Publication

Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles

Basic Format Example Basic Format for Print Journals Author AA, Author BB. Article title. Abbreviated journal title. Date of publication; Volume(issue): Page numbers. Basic Format for Online Journals Author AA, Author BB. Article title. Abbreviated journal title [Internet]. Date [cited date];Volume(issue): Page numbers. Available from: URL DOI. Example Castonguay LG, Boswell JF, Constantino MJ, Goldfried MR, Hill CE. Training implications of harmful effects of psychological treatments. Am Psychol [Internet]. 2010 Jan [cited 2010 Oct 24]; 65(1):34-49. Available from: http://libproxy.highpoint.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/log in.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=amp-65-1-34&site=ehost-live DOI: 10.1037/a0017330 Basic Format

Books, Edited Books, and Book Chapters

Format for a Book Author AA, Author BB. Title of book: subtitle of book. Edition. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date. Format for an Edited Book Author AA, editor. Title of book: subtitle of book. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date. Format for a Chapter in an Edited Book Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Author XX, Author YY, Author ZZ, editors. Title of book. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date. Basic Format

Web Documents

Title of homepage [Internet]. Date of publication Title of homepage [Internet]. Date of publication. Edition Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL Webpage with an Author Author AA, Author BB. Webpage title [Internet]. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL Basic Format

Audiovisual Sources

Video from the Internet Author AA, Author BB. Title [video on Internet]. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date [updated date; cited date]. Available from: URL Motion Picture Author AA, producer/director. Title of motion picture: subtitle [video disc; videocassette]. Place of publication (State or province): Publisher name; Date. Number of discs: Length, sound, color, size. Use videocassette for VHS tapes and videodisc for DVDs Basic Format

Personal Communication

Personal Communication For personal communication, you will cite it as an in- text citation. It will nit be included on the references list. CSE recommends placing them within the body of the paper in a Notes section. In-text citation …although this is not an easy thing to do (2008 letter from S Neifer to me), it is well worth the effort. Basic Format

Citation-Name System

In the citation-name system, numbers are used in the text to refer to the end references. Superscripted numbers are inserted at the point of reference as in the citation-sequence system. However, the citations are numbered according to the alphabetical listing by author’s last name of cited works in the end reference page(and not by order of appearance). Citations are created like the examples for citation- sequence system. General Information

Utilizing Sources

Why Source Integration? Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing give examples of several points of view on a subject call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own expand the breadth or depth of your writing Why Source Integration?

Choosing Text to Integrate Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas. Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is. Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay. Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly. Choosing Text to Integrate

When you summarize, you put the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Summarized ideas must be attributed to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original. Summaries take a broad overview of source material. Summarizing

Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. Attribute paraphrases to their original sources. Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may be the same length as, the original passage. Paraphrases take a more focused segment of the source and condense it slightly. Paraphrasing

Quoting Quotations must be identical to the original. Quotations use a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. Use quotes when the actual words are so integral to the discussion that they cannot be replaced. Use quotes when the author’s words are so precisely and accurately stated that they cannot be paraphrased. Quoting

References https://www.slideshare.net/TRULibrary/csecitati onstyle http://irsc.libguides.com/c.php?g=146552&p=96 2531 http://guides.highpoint.edu/cse References