Science 10 Astronomy Wonder Project, Tamara Markel How do blackholes happen, and what are the effects it has on the area of space it happens in?

What are blackholes? Black holes are holes in space where the pull of gravity is so strong, that it sucks in all the light around it. There are 2 kinds of black holes.. Supermassive-These are the largest kinds, and are 1 million times larger than the sun. Scientists have found and discovered that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. Stellar-These are the smaller kinds, and are only 20 times larger than the sun. Black holes can be big or small, and the smallest black holes are as big as just one atom. Although these are small, they have the mass of a large mountain.

How do blackholes occur? Black holes happen when a star reaches its age limit and dies, or when the center of a very big star collapses or falls in on itself. This is called a supernova. Supernovas are exploding stars that end up blasting part of the star into space. Supernovas are said to happen in the universe, one every second, and are brighter than a galaxy. Not all supernovas destroy stars, and they can cause beautiful remnants. This video is edited to show the different gamma rays that are assigned to a visible color in order to show the events properly

Since a black hole pulls all the light into its middle, how can we actually know that a black hole is present? Scientists are able to use devices to see how the strength and pull of gravity affects stars and gas in space around the black hole. Scientists can also study stars to see if they are flying around or orbiting around a black hole. If a black hole did appear next to Earth, or around its approximate area, there is a good chance that Earth could be swallowed by a black hole. However, the sun would have a very unlikely chance of being swallowed by one. how DO WE KNOW THAT BLACKHOLES ARE PRESENT? Could one swallow earth or the sun?

How can we learn more about black holes? Scientists are using special kinds of telescopes to further their studying of black holes, and the longer they spend studying them, the more we will know. Scientists once thought that black holes were just solid black, but now there is evidence that black holes can radiate energy or radiation. For now, scientists can study how strong the gravity is aroud stars and gas around the black hole, and find if they are flying around a black hole. The only 3 measurable things known regarding black holes is that we can measure their mass, their angular momentum/spin, and their electric static charge.

Sources Image and video sources https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47873592 Live Super Nova Explosion of a Star Article Sources https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/explore/space/black-holes/#black-hole-1.jpg https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/02/17/what_would_happen_if_earth_fell_into_a_black_hole/