Skeletal System - Review Prepare for the Quiz!

Review for the Quiz We will go over several key aspects of the study guide today to prepare for the quiz. As a reminder, the quiz will be closed notes. The night before the quiz, have a family member help you go over the study guide and the skeleton diagram. You will be responsible for knowing the bones listed on the skeleton diagram. Good luck!

Labeled Skeleton Study the Bones

Unlabeled Skeleton Fill in the Blanks

Important Facts about the skeleton You are born with around 350 bones Adults have only 206 bones The four parts of the skeletal system is: Bones Joints Cartilage Ligaments Ligaments attach bone to bone Tendons attach bone to muscle

Important Facts about the skeleton “Skeleton” comes from a Greek word meaning “dried up body” Bone is actually living tissue The 5 functions of the skeleton are: Support Movement Protection Storage of Minerals and Fats Blood Cell Formation (in the bone marrow)

Important Facts about the skeleton The 2 basic types of bone tissue is: Compact (dense/hard) Spongy (full of open areas called pores, lighter, filled with marrow) The 4 classifications of bones are: Long Short Flat Irregular

Important Facts about the skeleton An embryo’s skeleton is primarily made up of cartilage As a baby develops, the cartilage begins to turn to bone Cartilage is commonly found in the bridge of the nose, between joints, parts of the ribs, and outer ears. A bone fracture is a break in the bone The two most common fractures are: Closed (simple) Open (compound)

Important Facts about the skeleton A dislocation of a joint is a displacement of the bones It usually takes much longer for a dislocation to heal than a fracture The skeleton is made up of two divisions: Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

Important Facts about the skeleton The three parts of the Axial Skeleton is: Skull Spinal Column (Vertebral Column) Rib Cage (Bony Thorax) The skull has 2 sets of bones. They are the: Cranium Facial Bones The job of the cranium is to protect the brain

Important Facts about the skeleton The mandible is the lower jaw and is the only fully movable joint in the skull The paranasal sinuses lightens the weight of the skull and gives resonance and amplification to the voice A baby’s skull contains fontanelles which are fibrous membranes that connect the cranial bones. These fuse and turn into bone by the time a baby is 24 months old.

Important Facts about the skeleton The job of the middle ear bones is to transmit vibrations There are three middle ear bones. They are: Hammer (Malleus) Anvil (Incus) Stirrup (Stapes) The Stirrup is the smallest bone in the human body The common name for the Vertebral Column is the Spinal Column or Backbone

Important Facts about the skeleton The vertebral column or spine contains 26 bones called the vertebrae The coccyx is also called the tailbone The bony thorax is located at the chest area and is also called the rib cage The job of the bony thorax is to protect the major organs The bony thorax contains the following bones: Sternum Ribs Thoracic Vertebrae

Important Facts about the skeleton The sternum is also called the breastbone We have 12 pairs of ribs 7 pairs are the true ribs 5 pairs are the false ribs There are three parts to the Appendicular Skeleton. They are: Limbs (Arms & Legs) Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle Pelvic Girdle

Important Facts about the skeleton The job of the Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle is to allow the upper limbs (arms) to have exceptional movement. The Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle is composed of 2 bones: Clavicle (Collar Bone) Scapula (Shoulder Blade) The long bone in the upper arm is the Humerus

Important Facts about the skeleton The forearm has two bones: Radius (on the thumb side of the arm) Ulna (on the pinky side of the arm) The Ulna is longer than the Radius The hand is made up of three bone sets. They are: Carpals (Wrist) Metacarpals (Palm) Phalanges (Fingers)

Important Facts about the skeleton The two jobs of the Pelvic Girdle is: Support the weight of the upper body Protect organs such as the Reproductive organs Urinary bladder Part of the large intestine The thigh contains a bone called the Femur. It is the longest and strongest bone in the body.

Important Facts about the skeleton The Patella is also known as the kneecap There are two bones in the lower leg. They are: Tibia (Shin Bone). It is larger than the fibula Fibula (Calf Bone). The fibula is long and thin The foot is made up of 3 sets of bones. They are: Tarsals (Ankle) Metatarsals (Instep) Phalanges (Toes)