The Battle of Saipan https://www.google.com/maps/@15.184627,145.764724,11z/data=!5m1!1e4?hl=en-US.

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Presentation transcript:

The Battle of Saipan https://www.google.com/maps/@15.184627,145.764724,11z/data=!5m1!1e4?hl=en-US

Outline: Thesis Background Why Saipan? Major players on both sides American vs. Japanese Divisions June 13-July 9 1944 Who won? Significance of the Battle of Saipan Questions

Thesis Statement The Battle of Saipan was a strategic victory for the United States; using its advanced military arms American troops secured Saipan for future use in World War Two. While there are certainly other islands within range of Japan, Saipan is the one island that is built specifically for boats and planes which contributed to the allied victory.

Background Japan Colonizes Saipan 1912 Formally recognized in 1918 by the League of Nations Japanese immigration in the 1920’s October 1943: around 20,000 Japanese settlers http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/NKK_Saipan_sugar_mill.JPG

Why Saipan? Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan” 1

Who was involved on the American side? General Holland M. Smith (1882-1967) Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner (1885-1961) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_Smith http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_K._Turner

Who was involved on the Japanese side? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFwlANQk9f0 Chuichi Nagumo (1886-1944) Yoshisugu Saito (1890-1944) Takeo Takagi (1892-1944) Sakae Oba (1914-1992) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuichi_Nagumo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshitsugu_Saito http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeo_Takagi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakae_Oba

Japanese vs. American Divisions Japanese 30,000 troops 43 Division 47 Independent Mixed Brigade 9 Tank Regiment American 70,000 troops 2nd Marine Division 4th Marine Division The Army 27th Infantry Division Marine Artillery Regiments http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marines_march_through_Garapan.jpg

Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan” 3

June 15th 6:00: A feint landing was conducted off Tanapag harbor 7:00: Troops in the begin debarking from them in landing vehicles 8:40: Delay in time by ten minutes. Post 8:40: The Japanese wait until the American’s are in range and then fire mortar shells. Confusion on the shore. 22:00: About 2,000 Japanese started moving south from Garapan Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan,” 3

June 16-22 June 16-17: Main Japanese fleet now approaching Saipan, American’s pull supply ships away from Japanese fleet path June 19: Japanese and American carrier task forces clashed in a gigantic air battle Japanese lost 330 out of 430 planes launched June 20: Saito a problem for advancing Marines. “Nightmare” terrain fortified by Japanese soldiers Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan,” 12

June 23-30 June 23: Army and Marine forces attempting to get up Mount Tapotchau. June 24: Japanese walled themselves in caves in the mountain, making it harder for Americans to get higher June 25: Japanese supplies dwindling Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan,” 21

July 2-5 The Japanese were falling back to a final defensive line north of Garapan Lack of resources more prominent issue for Japanese Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan,” 25

July 5-8 General Saito commits suicide Only pockets of Japanese resistance remain Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan,” 28

Who won? The United States on July 9 1944 “Our war was lost with the loss of Saipan” – Japanese Admiral American Japanese Killed in Action 3,225 23,811 Missing in Action 326 Wounded 13,061 Taken Prisoner 736 Chapin, “Breaching the Marianas: the Battle for Saipan,” 36

Significance of the Battle of Saipan Created a new kind of fighting Offered some fixes to American logistics Strategic victory for the United States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Suicide_Cliff_in_Saipan_3.JPG

Bibliography Chapin, John C. Breaching the Marianas: The Battle for Saipan. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1994. Ciardi, John. Saipan: The War Diary of John Ciardi. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1988. Dixon, Boyd, Laura Gilda, and Lon Bulgrin. "The Archaeology of World War II Japanese Stragglers on the Island of Guam and the Bushido Code." Asian Perspectives, 2012, 110-27. Jones, Don. Oba: The Last Samurai. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1986. Morison, Samuel Eliot. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Boston: Little, Brown, 1947. Rogal, William W. Guadalcanal, Tarawa, and Beyond: A Mud Marine's Memoir of the Pacifc Island War. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland &, 2010.