Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat by Amay.

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Presentation transcript:

Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat by Amay J. Bandodkar, Philipp Gutruf, Jungil Choi, KunHyuck Lee, Yurina Sekine, Jonathan T. Reeder, William J. Jeang, Alexander J. Aranyosi, Stephen P. Lee, Jeffrey B. Model, Roozbeh Ghaffari, Chun-Ju Su, John P. Leshock, Tyler Ray, Anthony Verrillo, Kyle Thomas, Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi, Seungyong Han, Jeonghyun Kim, Siddharth Krishnan, Tao Hang, and John A. Rogers Science Volume 5(1):eaav3294 January 18, 2019 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 1 Device concept. Device concept. (A) Schematic illustrating the exploded view of the complete hybrid battery-free system. PI, polyimide; S.R., sweat rate. Close-up image of (B) microfluidic patch with embedded sensors and (C) battery-free NFC electronics. (D) Image illustrating the reversible magnetic attachment of the NFC electronics to the microfluidic patch. (E) Image of the complete system. (F) Image illustrating the device during sweating. (G) A phone interface that illustrates wireless communication and image acquisition. Photo credit: Philipp Gutruf, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 2 Electrical characterization of the NFC electronics. Electrical characterization of the NFC electronics. (A) Simplified schematic illustration of electrochemical sensor readout. ADC, analog-to-digital converter. (B) Image illustrating the device bent at decreasing radii. (C) I-V measurements of shorted sensors recoded with decreasing curvature radii. (D) Phase response measurements of NFC electronics with decreasing radii. (E) I-V measurements of shorted sensors with repeated attachment and detachment of the electronics to the microfluidics. (F) Effect of bending on the impedance of magnetic contacts over a wide range of frequencies. Effect of (G) distance and (H) angle between NFC reader and device on signal recording (n = 3). Photo credit: Philipp Gutruf, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 3 Lactate sensor characterization. Lactate sensor characterization. (A) Exploded-view schematic illustration of the layer makeup of the biofuel cell–based lactate sensor. LOx, lactate oxidase; TTF, tetrathiafulvalene. (B) Image of the lactate sensor. (C) Real-time sensor response to increasing lactate concentration in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 25°C and (D) the corresponding calibration (n = 3). (E) Plot illustrating a reversible response for the lactate sensor for four consecutive cycles of varying lactate concentration. Inset shows calibration plot that compares the sensor signal in (E) for the four cycles. V, voltage in millivolts; C, concentration in millimolar. (F) Real-time data acquired with increasing lactate concentration in artificial sweat under common physiological sweat conditions [temperature, ~30°C (pH 5.5)]. (G) Calibration plot obtained from lactate sensors at ~30°C in artificial sweat with different pH (n = 3). Photo credit: Philipp Gutruf, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 4 Glucose sensor characterization. Glucose sensor characterization. (A) Exploded-view schematic illustration of the layer makeup of the biofuel cell–based glucose sensor. GOx, glucose oxidase; PtC, platinized carbon. (B) Image of the glucose sensor. (C) Real-time sensor response to increasing glucose concentration in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 25°C and (D) the corresponding calibration (n = 3). (E) Plot illustrating the reversible response of the glucose sensor for four consecutive cycles of varying glucose concentration. V, voltage in millivolts; C, concentration in micromolar. Inset shows calibration plot comparing the sensor signal plotted in (E) for the four cycles. (F) Real-time data acquired with increasing glucose concentration in artificial sweat under common physiological sweat conditions [temperature, ~30°C (pH 5.5)]. (G) Calibration plot obtained from glucose sensors at ~30°C in artificial sweat with different pH (n = 3). Photo credit: Philipp Gutruf, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 5 Colorimetric assay characterization. Colorimetric assay characterization. Calibration and corresponding color evolution for physiologically relevant levels of (A) chloride (n = 3) and (B) pH (n = 3). (C) Filling of sweat rate sensor. The arrow indications the direction of filling. (D) Image illustrating the chrono-sampling feature of the microfluidic system. Photo credit: Jungil Choi and Jonathan Reeder, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 6 Human trials. Human trials. (A) Photograph of a subject wearing a wireless battery-free hybrid sensor system. (B) Reading distance with a large NFC antenna. (C) Image of complete system captured after a bout of cycling by subject #1. Real-time wirelessly acquired sweat concentration levels for (D) lactate and (E) glucose, respectively. (F) Image of complete system captured after a bout of cycling by subject #2. Real-time wirelessly acquired sweat concentration levels for (G) lactate and (H) glucose, respectively. (D, E, G, and H) Blue and green regions represent conditions before and after collection of sweat, respectively. Photo credit: Philipp Gutruf, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Fig. 7 Human trails. Human trails. Correlation of data acquired from biofuel cell–based glucose and lactate sweat sensors with that acquired from blood glucose and lactate meters, respectively, over a period of (A) 2 days and (B) 1 day for subject #1 (with time lag compensation). Photo credit: Philipp Gutruf, Northwestern University. Amay J. Bandodkar et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaav3294 Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).